INSERT INTO `wp_posts` (`ID`, `post_author`, `post_date`, `post_date_gmt`, `post_content`, `post_title`, `post_excerpt`, `post_status`, `comment_status`, `ping_status`, `post_password`, `post_name`, `to_ping`, `pinged`, `post_modified`, `post_modified_gmt`, `post_content_filtered`, `post_parent`, `guid`, `menu_order`, `post_type`, `post_mime_type`, `comment_count`) VALUES
(4604, 96, '2017-05-16 16:08:09', '2017-05-16 16:08:09', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, transdermal (topical) treatments, edibles, beverages, oils, sublingual sprays, tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of inhaled marijuana can be felt within minutes, and the effects last generally about 4-6 hours\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\nVaping marijuana has been found to be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-16 16:08:09', '2017-05-16 16:08:09', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4605, 96, '2017-05-16 16:13:13', '2017-05-16 16:13:13', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4514\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/NewResourcesSection1280x250.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 28px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Medical Marijuana Access\r\n</strong></span></span><span style=\"color: #999999;\">Procedures For Accessing Legal Medical Marijuana In Canada ~ Health Canada</span></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Steps to become an authorized ACMPR patient in Canada:\r\n</span></strong></p>\r\n[spacer height=\"5px\"]\r\n\r\nStep 1: Consult with a Health Care Practitioner\r\nStep 2: Obtain a Medical Document from your Health Care Practitioner\r\nStep 3: Register and Order with a Licensed Producer\r\nStep 4: Shipping of your Cannabis for Medical Purposes\r\n\r\n[spacer height=\"7px\"]\r\n\r\n<strong>Step 1: Consult with a Health Care Practitioner</strong>\r\n\r\nTreatment decisions are best made in consultation with your health care practitioner.\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR, an authorized health care practitioner includes physicians in all provinces and territories, and nurse practitioners in provinces and territories where supporting cannabis for medical purposes is permitted under their scope of practice.\r\n<p id=\"s2\"><strong>Step 2: Obtain a Medical Document from your Health Care Practitioner</strong></p>\r\nYou will need to obtain a <a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/info/med-eng.php\">medical document</a> from your practitioner.\r\n\r\nThe following information <strong>must</strong> be included on the medical document signed and dated by the health care practitioner:\r\n<ul class=\"ili-indent\">\r\n 	<li>your full name;</li>\r\n 	<li>your date of birth;</li>\r\n 	<li>address where you consulted with the practitioner;</li>\r\n 	<li>daily grams of dried marijuana you are authorized to use, the period of use (i.e. number of days, weeks or months), which cannot exceed one year from the date the medical document is signed by the healthcare practitioner;</li>\r\n 	<li>the healthcare practitioner\'s name and, administrative information (profession, licence number, province of licence, business address, phone number, fax number and email address, if applicable); and</li>\r\n 	<li>an attestation by the healthcare practitioner that the information contained in the document is correct and complete.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<p id=\"s3\"><strong>Step 3: Register and Order with a Licensed Producer</strong></p>\r\nOnce you have obtained a medical document from your authorized healthcare practitioner, you can register as a client with the <a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/info/list-eng.php\">licensed producer</a> of your choice. To register, you will need to submit certain information, including the original medical document. Please contact the licensed producer for further information regarding application requirements.\r\n\r\nAfter registering as a client, you will be able to order cannabis for medical purposes from the licensed producer.\r\n\r\n<strong>Do not send your medical document to Health Canada</strong>\r\n<p id=\"s4\"><strong>Step 4: Shipping of your Cannabis for Medical Purposes</strong></p>\r\nYour cannabis will be sent to you directly by the licensed producer. The <a href=\"http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/c-38.8/\">Controlled Drugs and Substances Act</a> (CDSA) prohibits possession, trafficking, import and export, and production of controlled substances, including marijuana, unless authorized by regulations. Neither the ACMPR nor any other Health Canada regulations authorize licensed producers to provide cannabis for medical purposes through a storefront.\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<strong> Possession of Cannabis for Medical Purposes:</strong>\r\n\r\nThe amount of dried marijuana you can possess is the lesser of thirty times the daily amount stipulated by your healthcare practitioner or 150 grams. For example, if your healthcare practitioner recommends 3 grams per day, you would be allowed a maximum of 90 grams at any one time (30 days × 3 grams). However, if your healthcare practitioner recommends 6 grams per day, you would be allowed to possess a maximum of 150 grams at any one time, which would therefore be less than a 30-day supply.\r\n\r\n<strong>Showing Proof of Legal Possession of Cannabis for Medical Purposes:</strong>\r\n\r\nIf asked by law enforcement, you can demonstrate that you are in legal possession of cannabis for medical purposes obtained from a licensed producer by showing either the label on the package containing your specific client information or the separate document containing the same information which accompanied your shipment of cannabis.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Access', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4388-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-16 16:13:13', '2017-05-16 16:13:13', '', 4388, 'http://swerve.fyi/4388-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4606, 96, '2017-05-16 18:45:37', '2017-05-16 18:45:37', '', 'SmokeNewResourcesSection1280x200', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'closed', '', 'smokenewresourcessection1280x200', '', '', '2017-05-16 18:45:37', '2017-05-16 18:45:37', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/SmokeNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(4607, 96, '2017-05-16 18:54:29', '2017-05-16 18:54:29', '', 'Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'closed', '', 'smoke2newresourcessection1280x200', '', '', '2017-05-16 18:54:29', '2017-05-16 18:54:29', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(4608, 96, '2017-05-16 18:54:32', '2017-05-16 18:54:32', '', 'Sample Resources1280x350', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'closed', '', 'sample-resources1280x350-2', '', '', '2017-05-16 18:54:32', '2017-05-16 18:54:32', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Sample-Resources1280x350-1.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(4609, 96, '2017-05-16 18:55:08', '2017-05-16 18:55:08', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, edibles, oils, beverages, transdermal (topical) treatments, sublingual (sprays, lozenges, strips, gum), tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of inhaled marijuana can be felt within minutes, and the effects last generally about 4-6 hours\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\nVaping marijuana has been found to be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Smoked Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4607\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-16 18:55:08', '2017-05-16 18:55:08', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4610, 96, '2017-05-16 19:36:51', '2017-05-16 19:36:51', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, edibles, oils, beverages, transdermal (topical) treatments, sublingual (sprays, lozenges, strips, gum), tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of inhaled marijuana can be felt within minutes, and the effects last generally about 4-6 hours\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\nVaping marijuana has been found to be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Smoked Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4607\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana can also be consumed using pipes, bongs and rolled joints.  When the plant material is burned, the active ingredients in marijuana (THC, CBD..) are absorbed by the lungs and enter the blood stream.\r\n\r\nInhalation of smoked marijuana is fast acting, the effects of which can be felt within minutes, and duration can last 4-6 hours.  Smoking can be effective for treating acute symptoms that need to be addressed quickly, such as nausea, vomiting, pain and spasms.\r\n\r\nIt is can be difficult to titrate dose (t<span class=\"hvr\">he</span> <span class=\"hvr\">continual</span> <span class=\"hvr\">adjustment</span> of a <span class=\"hvr\">dose until the desired effect is achieved</span>) when inhaling smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\nSome studies indicate that smoked marijuana can irritate and expose lungs to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-16 19:36:51', '2017-05-16 19:36:51', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` (`ID`, `post_author`, `post_date`, `post_date_gmt`, `post_content`, `post_title`, `post_excerpt`, `post_status`, `comment_status`, `ping_status`, `post_password`, `post_name`, `to_ping`, `pinged`, `post_modified`, `post_modified_gmt`, `post_content_filtered`, `post_parent`, `guid`, `menu_order`, `post_type`, `post_mime_type`, `comment_count`) VALUES
(4611, 96, '2017-05-16 19:39:15', '2017-05-16 19:39:15', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, edibles, oils, beverages, transdermal (topical) treatments, sublingual (sprays, lozenges, strips, gum), tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of inhaled marijuana can be felt within minutes, and the effects last generally about 4-6 hours\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\nVaping marijuana has been found to be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Smoked Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4607\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana can also be consumed using pipes, bongs and rolled joints.  When the plant material is burned, the active ingredients in marijuana (THC, CBD..) are absorbed by the lungs and enter the blood stream.\r\n\r\nInhalation of smoked marijuana is fast acting, the effects of which can be felt within minutes, and duration can last 4-6 hours.  Smoking can be effective for treating acute symptoms that need to be addressed quickly, such as nausea, vomiting, pain and spasms.\r\n\r\nHowever, it can be difficult to titrate dose (t<span class=\"hvr\">he</span> <span class=\"hvr\">continual</span> <span class=\"hvr\">adjustment</span> of a <span class=\"hvr\">dose until the desired effect is achieved</span>) when inhaling smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\nSome studies indicate that smoked marijuana can irritate and expose lungs to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-16 19:39:15', '2017-05-16 19:39:15', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4612, 96, '2017-05-16 20:14:14', '2017-05-16 20:14:14', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, edibles, oils, beverages, transdermal (topical) treatments, sublingual (sprays, lozenges, strips, gum), tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of Inhaled marijuana using a vaporizer can be felt within minutes, the effects of which generally wear off anywhere from 2-4 hours (sometimes it can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance and dose).\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\nVaping marijuana has been found to be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Smoked Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4607\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana can also be consumed using pipes, bongs and rolled joints.  When the plant material is burned, the active ingredients in marijuana (THC, CBD..) are absorbed by the lungs and enter the blood stream.\r\n\r\nInhalation of smoked marijuana is fast acting, the effects of which can be felt within minutes, and duration can last 4-6 hours.  Smoking can be effective for treating acute symptoms that need to be addressed quickly, such as nausea, vomiting, pain and spasms.\r\n\r\nHowever, it can be difficult to titrate dose (t<span class=\"hvr\">he</span> <span class=\"hvr\">continual</span> <span class=\"hvr\">adjustment</span> of a <span class=\"hvr\">dose until the desired effect is achieved</span>) when inhaling smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\nSome studies indicate that smoked marijuana can irritate and expose lungs to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-16 20:14:14', '2017-05-16 20:14:14', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4613, 96, '2017-05-17 14:50:59', '2017-05-17 14:50:59', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, edibles, oils, beverages, transdermal (topical) treatments, sublingual (sprays, lozenges, strips, gum), tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of Inhaled marijuana using a vaporizer can be felt within minutes, the effects of which generally wear off anywhere from 2-4 hours (sometimes it can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance and dose).\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\nVaping marijuana has been found to be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Smoked Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4607\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana can also be consumed using pipes, bongs and rolled joints.  When the plant material is burned, the active ingredients in marijuana (THC, CBD..) are absorbed by the lungs and enter the blood stream.\r\n\r\nInhalation of smoked marijuana is fast acting, the effects of which can be felt within minutes, and duration is shorter ( approximately 2-3 hours, can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance and dose).  Smoking can be effective for treating acute symptoms that need to be addressed quickly, such as nausea, vomiting, pain and spasms.\r\n\r\nHowever, it can be difficult to titrate dose (t<span class=\"hvr\">he</span> <span class=\"hvr\">continual</span> <span class=\"hvr\">adjustment</span> of a <span class=\"hvr\">dose until the desired effect is achieved</span>) when inhaling smoked marijuana. The amount of <abbr title=\"delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> delivered from cannabis cigarettes is not uniform and is a major variable in the assessment of absorption<sup><a class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#fnb62\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote ~<em>Health Canada.</em></span></a></sup>\r\n\r\nSome studies indicate that smoked marijuana can irritate and expose lungs to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 14:50:59', '2017-05-17 14:50:59', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
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(4614, 96, '2017-05-17 15:21:01', '2017-05-17 15:21:01', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, edibles, oils, beverages, transdermal (topical) treatments, sublingual (sprays, lozenges, strips, gum), tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of Inhaled marijuana using a vaporizer can be felt within minutes, the effects of which generally wear off anywhere from 2-4 hours (sometimes it can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance and dose).\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\nVaping marijuana has been found to be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Smoked Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4607\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana can also be consumed using pipes, bongs and rolled joints.  When the plant material is burned, the active ingredients in marijuana (THC, CBD..) are absorbed by the lungs and enter the blood stream.\r\n\r\nInhalation of smoked marijuana is fast acting, the effects of which can be felt within minutes, with shorter duration effects, approximately 2-3 hours, compared to oral administration.  The duration can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance, dose, depth of inhalation, puff duration, and breathhold.  Smoking can be effective for treating acute symptoms that need to be addressed quickly, such as nausea, vomiting, pain and spasms.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#chp2211\">Smoked Cannabis ~ Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Smoking cannabis results in more rapid onset of action (within minutes), higher blood levels of cannabinoids, and a shorter duration of pharmacodynamic effects compared to oral administration.  The amount of <abbr title=\"delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> delivered from cannabis cigarettes is not uniform and is a major variable in the assessment of absorption. Uncontrolled factors include the source of the plant material and the composition of the cigarette, together with the efficiency and method of smoking used by the subject.  While it has been reported that smokers can titrate their <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> intake by adapting their smoking behaviour to obtain desired levels of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr>, other reasons may also explain the observed variation in smoking topography.  <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> absorption by inhalation is extremely rapid but quite variable, with a bioavailability of 2 - 56% through the smoking route depending on depth of inhalation, puff duration, and breathhold.</p>\r\nSince there are many variables associated when inhaling smoked marijuana, it can be difficult to titrate dose (t<span class=\"hvr\">he</span> <span class=\"hvr\">continual</span> <span class=\"hvr\">adjustment</span> of a <span class=\"hvr\">dose until the desired effect is achieved</span>).\r\n\r\nSome studies indicate that smoked marijuana can irritate and expose lungs to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 15:21:01', '2017-05-17 15:21:01', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4615, 96, '2017-05-17 15:41:29', '2017-05-17 15:41:29', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, edibles, oils, beverages, transdermal (topical) treatments, sublingual (sprays, lozenges, strips, gum), tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of Inhaled marijuana using a vaporizer can be felt within minutes, the duration of effects can last anywhere from 2-3 hours.   However, duration can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance, amount and type of cannabis placed in the vaporizer, the vaporizing temperature and duration of vaporization.\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#chp2211\">Vapourized Cannabis - Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Vapourization of cannabis has been explored as an alternative to smoking. The potential advantages of vapourization include the formation of a smaller quantity of toxic by-products such as carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (<abbr title=\"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon\">PAH</abbr>s), and tar, as well as a more efficient extraction of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> from the cannabis material. The subjective effects and plasma concentrations of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> obtained by vapourization of cannabis are comparable to those obtained by smoking cannabis, with absorption being somewhat faster with the vapourizer compared to smoking, according to one <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17429350\" target=\"_blank\">study</a>. In addition, the study reported that the vapourizer was well tolerated with no reported adverse effects, and was preferred over smoking by the test subjects.</p>\r\nThere is supporting evidence that vaping marijuana may be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a> that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Smoked Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4607\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana can also be consumed using pipes, bongs and rolled joints.  When the plant material is burned, the active ingredients in marijuana (THC, CBD..) are absorbed by the lungs and enter the blood stream.\r\n\r\nInhalation of smoked marijuana is fast acting, the effects of which can be felt within minutes, with shorter duration effects, approximately 2-3 hours, compared to oral administration.  The duration can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance, dose, depth of inhalation, puff duration, and breathhold.  Smoking can be effective for treating acute symptoms that need to be addressed quickly, such as nausea, vomiting, pain and spasms.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#chp2211\">Smoked Cannabis ~ Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Smoking cannabis results in more rapid onset of action (within minutes), higher blood levels of cannabinoids, and a shorter duration of pharmacodynamic effects compared to oral administration.  The amount of <abbr title=\"delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> delivered from cannabis cigarettes is not uniform and is a major variable in the assessment of absorption. Uncontrolled factors include the source of the plant material and the composition of the cigarette, together with the efficiency and method of smoking used by the subject.  While it has been reported that smokers can titrate their <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> intake by adapting their smoking behaviour to obtain desired levels of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr>, other reasons may also explain the observed variation in smoking topography.  <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> absorption by inhalation is extremely rapid but quite variable, with a bioavailability of 2 - 56% through the smoking route depending on depth of inhalation, puff duration, and breathhold.</p>\r\nSince there are many variables associated when inhaling smoked marijuana, it can be difficult to titrate dose (t<span class=\"hvr\">he</span> <span class=\"hvr\">continual</span> <span class=\"hvr\">adjustment</span> of a <span class=\"hvr\">dose until the desired effect is achieved</span>).\r\n\r\nSome studies indicate that smoked marijuana can irritate and expose lungs to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 15:41:29', '2017-05-17 15:41:29', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` (`ID`, `post_author`, `post_date`, `post_date_gmt`, `post_content`, `post_title`, `post_excerpt`, `post_status`, `comment_status`, `ping_status`, `post_password`, `post_name`, `to_ping`, `pinged`, `post_modified`, `post_modified_gmt`, `post_content_filtered`, `post_parent`, `guid`, `menu_order`, `post_type`, `post_mime_type`, `comment_count`) VALUES
(4616, 96, '2017-05-17 16:01:00', '2017-05-17 16:01:00', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, edibles, oils, beverages, transdermal (topical) treatments, sublingual (sprays, lozenges, strips, gum), tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of Inhaled marijuana using a vaporizer can be felt within minutes, the duration of effects can last anywhere from 2-3 hours.   However, duration can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance, amount and type of cannabis placed in the vaporizer, the vaporizing temperature and duration of vaporization.\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#chp2211\">Vapourized Cannabis - Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Vapourization of cannabis has been explored as an alternative to smoking. The potential advantages of vapourization include the formation of a smaller quantity of toxic by-products such as carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (<abbr title=\"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon\">PAH</abbr>s), and tar, as well as a more efficient extraction of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> from the cannabis material. The subjective effects and plasma concentrations of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> obtained by vapourization of cannabis are comparable to those obtained by smoking cannabis, with absorption being somewhat faster with the vapourizer compared to smoking, according to one <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17429350\" target=\"_blank\">study</a>. In addition, the study reported that the vapourizer was well tolerated with no reported adverse effects, and was preferred over smoking by the test subjects.</p>\r\nThere is supporting evidence that vaping marijuana may be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a> that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#fnb273-ref\" target=\"_blank\">Oral Ingestion of Cannabis ~ Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Whereas the central nervous system and physiological effects occur within minutes by the smoking route or by vapourization<a id=\"fnb285-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#fnb285\"></a>, these effects proceed on a time scale of hours in the case of oral ingestion. Oral administration results in a slower onset of action, lower peak blood levels of cannabinoids, and a longer duration of pharmacodynamic effects compared to smoking. The psychotropic effect or \"high\" occurs much more quickly by the smoking than by the oral route, which is the reason why smoking appears to be the preferred route of administration by many, especially recreational users.</p>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hour, depending type of marijuana, dose and tolerance.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Smoked Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4607\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana can also be consumed using pipes, bongs and rolled joints.  When the plant material is burned, the active ingredients in marijuana (THC, CBD..) are absorbed by the lungs and enter the blood stream.\r\n\r\nInhalation of smoked marijuana is fast acting, the effects of which can be felt within minutes, with shorter duration effects, approximately 2-3 hours, compared to oral administration.  The duration can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance, dose, depth of inhalation, puff duration, and breathhold.  Smoking can be effective for treating acute symptoms that need to be addressed quickly, such as nausea, vomiting, pain and spasms.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#chp2211\">Smoked Cannabis ~ Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Smoking cannabis results in more rapid onset of action (within minutes), higher blood levels of cannabinoids, and a shorter duration of pharmacodynamic effects compared to oral administration.  The amount of <abbr title=\"delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> delivered from cannabis cigarettes is not uniform and is a major variable in the assessment of absorption. Uncontrolled factors include the source of the plant material and the composition of the cigarette, together with the efficiency and method of smoking used by the subject.  While it has been reported that smokers can titrate their <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> intake by adapting their smoking behaviour to obtain desired levels of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr>, other reasons may also explain the observed variation in smoking topography.  <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> absorption by inhalation is extremely rapid but quite variable, with a bioavailability of 2 - 56% through the smoking route depending on depth of inhalation, puff duration, and breathhold.</p>\r\nSince there are many variables associated when inhaling smoked marijuana, it can be difficult to titrate dose (t<span class=\"hvr\">he</span> <span class=\"hvr\">continual</span> <span class=\"hvr\">adjustment</span> of a <span class=\"hvr\">dose until the desired effect is achieved</span>).\r\n\r\nSome studies indicate that smoked marijuana can irritate and expose lungs to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 16:01:00', '2017-05-17 16:01:00', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4617, 96, '2017-05-17 19:53:06', '2017-05-17 19:53:06', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, edibles, oils, beverages, transdermal (topical) treatments, sublingual (sprays, lozenges, strips, gum), tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of Inhaled marijuana using a vaporizer can be felt within minutes, the duration of effects can last anywhere from 2-3 hours.   However, duration can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance, amount and type of cannabis placed in the vaporizer, the vaporizing temperature and duration of vaporization.\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#chp2211\">Vapourized Cannabis - Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Vapourization of cannabis has been explored as an alternative to smoking. The potential advantages of vapourization include the formation of a smaller quantity of toxic by-products such as carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (<abbr title=\"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon\">PAH</abbr>s), and tar, as well as a more efficient extraction of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> from the cannabis material. The subjective effects and plasma concentrations of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> obtained by vapourization of cannabis are comparable to those obtained by smoking cannabis, with absorption being somewhat faster with the vapourizer compared to smoking, according to one <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17429350\" target=\"_blank\">study</a>. In addition, the study reported that the vapourizer was well tolerated with no reported adverse effects, and was preferred over smoking by the test subjects.</p>\r\nThere is supporting evidence that vaping marijuana may be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a> that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#fnb273-ref\" target=\"_blank\">Oral Ingestion of Cannabis ~ Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Whereas the central nervous system and physiological effects occur within minutes by the smoking route or by vapourization<a id=\"fnb285-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#fnb285\"></a>, these effects proceed on a time scale of hours in the case of oral ingestion. Oral administration results in a slower onset of action, lower peak blood levels of cannabinoids, and a longer duration of pharmacodynamic effects compared to smoking. The psychotropic effect or \"high\" occurs much more quickly by the smoking than by the oral route, which is the reason why smoking appears to be the preferred route of administration by many, especially recreational users.</p>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hour, depending type of marijuana, dose and tolerance.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Smoked Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4607\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana can also be consumed using pipes, bongs and rolled joints.  When the plant material is burned, the active ingredients in marijuana (THC, CBD..) are absorbed by the lungs and enter the blood stream.\r\n\r\nInhalation of smoked marijuana is fast acting, the effects of which can be felt within minutes, with shorter duration effects, approximately 2-3 hours, compared to oral administration.  The duration can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance, dose, depth of inhalation, puff duration, and breathhold.  Smoking can be effective for treating acute symptoms that need to be addressed quickly, such as nausea, vomiting, pain and spasms.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#chp2211\">Smoked Cannabis ~ Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Smoking cannabis results in more rapid onset of action (within minutes), higher blood levels of cannabinoids, and a shorter duration of pharmacodynamic effects compared to oral administration.  The amount of <abbr title=\"delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> delivered from cannabis cigarettes is not uniform and is a major variable in the assessment of absorption. Uncontrolled factors include the source of the plant material and the composition of the cigarette, together with the efficiency and method of smoking used by the subject.  While it has been reported that smokers can titrate their <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> intake by adapting their smoking behaviour to obtain desired levels of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr>, other reasons may also explain the observed variation in smoking topography.  <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> absorption by inhalation is extremely rapid but quite variable, with a bioavailability of 2 - 56% through the smoking route depending on depth of inhalation, puff duration, and breathhold.</p>\r\nSince there are many variables associated when inhaling smoked marijuana, it can be difficult to titrate dose (t<span class=\"hvr\">he</span> <span class=\"hvr\">continual</span> <span class=\"hvr\">adjustment</span> of a <span class=\"hvr\">dose until the desired effect is achieved</span>).\r\n\r\nSome studies indicate that smoked marijuana can irritate and expose lungs to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Marijuana Overdose Symptoms</span></strong>\r\n\r\nMarijuana overdose symptoms are usually rare, but not impossible.\r\n\r\nSigns of excessive marijuana consumption or overdose may include:\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Hallucinations</li>\r\n 	<li>Panic Attacks</li>\r\n 	<li>Extreme Paranoia</li>\r\n 	<li>Rapid Heart Rate (can increase risk of heart attack)</li>\r\n 	<li>Mental Confusion</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<strong>DISCLAIMER:</strong> The material provided here is for informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation.  Before taking any action, patients should consult a licensed healthcare professional.\r\n\r\nThe information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 19:53:06', '2017-05-17 19:53:06', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` (`ID`, `post_author`, `post_date`, `post_date_gmt`, `post_content`, `post_title`, `post_excerpt`, `post_status`, `comment_status`, `ping_status`, `post_password`, `post_name`, `to_ping`, `pinged`, `post_modified`, `post_modified_gmt`, `post_content_filtered`, `post_parent`, `guid`, `menu_order`, `post_type`, `post_mime_type`, `comment_count`) VALUES
(4618, 96, '2017-05-17 19:57:02', '2017-05-17 19:57:02', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4548\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/TeaNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>Consumption Methods</strong></span>\r\n\r\nUnder the ACMPR program in Canada, licensed producers are currently authorized by Health Canada to sell marijuana in the form of dried bud, fresh leaves, oils and capsules.  The marijuana plant and its extracts can be prepared and consumed in various delivery methods/systems to medicate, so that the active ingredients in marijuana can be absorbed into the blood stream and body.  Some of the most widely used consumption methods include: vaporizers, edibles, oils, beverages, transdermal (topical) treatments, sublingual (sprays, lozenges, strips, gum), tinctures and smoked marijuana.\r\n\r\nTreatment decisions are best made in consultation with a licensed health care practitioner. Under the ACMPR, an authorized health care practitioner includes physicians in all provinces and territories, and nurse practitioners in provinces and territories where supporting cannabis for medical purposes is permitted under their scope of practice.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><strong>\r\n1. Vaporizers</strong></span>\r\n\r\nVaporizers are becoming an increasingly popular method to administer marijuana. A vaporizer is a device that uses a heating process that reaches past the boiling point to release the active ingredients, but not high enough to burn the plant material. The collected vapour is then inhaled.\r\n\r\nVaporizers often have various temperature settings, which can impact the amount of cannabinoids in the vapour.\r\n\r\nThe effects of Inhaled marijuana using a vaporizer can be felt within minutes, the duration of effects can last anywhere from 2-3 hours.   However, duration can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance, amount and type of cannabis placed in the vaporizer, the vaporizing temperature and duration of vaporization.\r\n\r\nA good vaporizer at the right heat setting can release up to 95% of all available cannabinoids.  Cannabinoids (e.g. THC and CBD) are chemical compounds found in the marijuana plant, which when consumed, bind to the body’s cannabinoid receptors.  This process is known to have medicinal value and applications for various aliments.  (Please visit the review article <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids </em></a>for more information on this topic.)<em>\r\n</em>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#chp2211\">Vapourized Cannabis - Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Vapourization of cannabis has been explored as an alternative to smoking. The potential advantages of vapourization include the formation of a smaller quantity of toxic by-products such as carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (<abbr title=\"polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon\">PAH</abbr>s), and tar, as well as a more efficient extraction of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> from the cannabis material. The subjective effects and plasma concentrations of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> obtained by vapourization of cannabis are comparable to those obtained by smoking cannabis, with absorption being somewhat faster with the vapourizer compared to smoking, according to one <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17429350\" target=\"_blank\">study</a>. In addition, the study reported that the vapourizer was well tolerated with no reported adverse effects, and was preferred over smoking by the test subjects.</p>\r\nThere is supporting evidence that vaping marijuana may be safer because the exposure to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a> that are emitted thru combustion, are <a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/data/pdf/2001-03-04-9.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reduced by using a vaporization device</a>.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">2. Edibles</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4550\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/ChocolateNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMedical marijuana patients can choose to consume marijuana, or the active ingredients in marijuana, by eating or drinking food products infused with dried/fresh marijuana or its extracts.\r\n\r\nOn June 11, 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled to legalize marijuana oils and edibles.  This landmark decision makes <a href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/medical-marijuana-legal-in-all-forms-supreme-court-rules-1.3109148\" target=\"_blank\">medical marijuana legal in all forms.</a>  This decision allows authorized medical marijuana patients the right to prepare, possess and consume any food products infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as cookies, brownies, muffins, teas, juices, smoothies, etc.\r\n\r\n<strong>Medical marijuana can be prepared/processed, so it can be infused with food for cooking in the following ways:</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be pulverized into a powder, known as canna flour.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be extracted into a fat or oil. The most commonly used fat is butter, and the final product is known as cannabutter.</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be processed into a marijuana extract (caution, safety and knowledge/training are highly recommended before embarking upon this process.)</li>\r\n 	<li>Dried bud can be infused with alcohol to make marijuana tinctures</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>In addition to this:</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Fresh marijuana, which is non psychoactive (unless it is heated) can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#fnb273-ref\" target=\"_blank\">Oral Ingestion of Cannabis ~ Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Whereas the central nervous system and physiological effects occur within minutes by the smoking route or by vapourization<a id=\"fnb285-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#fnb285\"></a>, these effects proceed on a time scale of hours in the case of oral ingestion. Oral administration results in a slower onset of action, lower peak blood levels of cannabinoids, and a longer duration of pharmacodynamic effects compared to smoking. The psychotropic effect or \"high\" occurs much more quickly by the smoking than by the oral route, which is the reason why smoking appears to be the preferred route of administration by many, especially recreational users.</p>\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana edibles are slower acting, and as such, this delivery method has a delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the eaten marijuana product to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hour, depending type of marijuana, dose and tolerance.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong>\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">3. Marijuana Oil Extracts</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4553\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OilsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana oil extracts are liquid concentration of marijuana that are consumed orally.  Some Canadian licensed producers currently provide marijuana oil extracts that are contained in capsules or in liquid form in a bottle.  The bottles come with a dosing syringe/eyedropper to measure dosage.  Marijuana oil extracts can be ingested via capsules, infused with food and drink to make edibles, or through <a href=\"http://www.ijppsjournal.com/Vol3Suppl2/1092.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sublingual absorption/uptake</a>.\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: marijuana oil extracts dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana oil has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of oils can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana oil extracts are absorbed sublingually, under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Marijuana Topicals / Transdermal\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4583\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/topicalsNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nTopical marijuana treatments are transdermal applications that are absorbed through the skin.  The active ingredients contained in marijuana infused creams, lotions, balms, salves, sprays and oils are absorbed through the skin and can provide localized relief of aches, pain, tension, itching and inflammation.\r\n\r\nTransdermal delivery methods such as topicals are non-psychoactive, as the active (cannabinoid) ingredients can not reach the blood stream, and as such, can not induce an intense \"high\" compared to other delivery methods that enter the blood stream, such as inhalation and ingestion methods.\r\n\r\nPatients who what the therapeutic benefits of marijuana without the effect of a cerebral \"high\"often choose this delivery method for certain conditions that are treatable via a topical application.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">6. Beverages</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4585\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Drink2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nBeverages infused with marijuana or its extracts is method of ingestion that is used to deliver the active ingredient in marijuana to the blood stream.\r\n\r\nThere are a wide variety of beverages that can be infused with marijuana or its extracts, such as water, carbonated drinks, coffee, tea, hot coco, fruit juices, smoothies, alcohol, etc.\r\n\r\nAccording to Ezra Pryor of the American Chemical Society’s <a href=\"http://dchas.org/cann/\">Cannabis Chemistry Subdivision</a>, beverages infused with cannabinoids are just as effective as those found in solid edible food products.\r\n\r\n“There really is no difference between the effects of oral dosing with cannabis, whether in an edible or drinkable form,” says Pryor. “With edibles, as with infused beverages, THC becomes 11-Hydroxy-THC after passing through the stomach and liver, rather than delta-9-THC entering directly into the bloodstream as with smoking, which will cause a completely different effect.”\r\n\r\n<em><strong>Please note: </strong>The ingestion of marijuana beverages can have delayed onset effect, which can take anywhere from 30 minutes - 2 hours (and sometimes longer) for the active ingredients of the marijuana beverage to reach the bloodstream.  As well, this delivery method can induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can last much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\nIf fresh marijuana is used, it induces a non-psychoactive effect, as long as plant has not been heated via combustion, vaporization and cooking, or dried, ripened and/or stored over time.\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Raw Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4593\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/DrinksNewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" /></span></strong>\r\n\r\nFresh marijuana can be consumed raw in a salad, blended into a smoothie or juiced.  Much like other leafy greens, raw marijuana is loaded with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.  It is also loaded with beneficial disease fighting cannabinoids, that when ingested raw, induces a non-psychoactive effect, since that plant has not been heated.\r\n\r\nMarijuana in its raw natural form is not psychoactive.<strong>  </strong>Marijuana can be decarboxylated to activate psychoactive THC when it is dried, ripened and/or stored over time – or when it is heated through combustion, vaporization and cooking.\r\n\r\n<em>Please use dosing and strain variety recommended by your healthcare professional.</em>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">\r\n4. Marijuana Tinctures</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4582\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Tintures2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\nMarijuana Tinctures are alcohol based liquid concentration of marijuana.  In other words, the active ingredients found in marijuana are infused with alcohol.  Marijuana Tinctures can be infused with food or drinks and ingested or through sublingual absorbtion (under the tongue).\r\n\r\n<em>Please note: Marijuana tincture dosing, effect and duration are similar to that of edibles, if infused with food or drinks and ingested.  The ingestion of marijuana tinctures has a delayed onset effect that can take 30 minutes - 2 hours or longer.  Ingestion of tinctures can also induce a potent and long lasting effect, which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.  So use caution when dosing.  </em>\r\n\r\n<em>If marijuana tinctures are absorbed under the tongue, the effects are likely to be felt quite rapidly, sometimes within 15 minutes.  This method of consumption can induce a peak high that is reached rather rapidly, the effects of which can be felt for much longer than 4-6 hours.</em>\r\n\r\n<em>It it recommended that patients start with a low dose and monitor the impact that dose has before consuming a higher dose.</em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">5. Smoked Marijuana\r\n</span></strong>\r\n\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4607\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Smoke2NewResourcesSection1280x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\nMarijuana can also be consumed using pipes, bongs and rolled joints.  When the plant material is burned, the active ingredients in marijuana (THC, CBD..) are absorbed by the lungs and enter the blood stream.\r\n\r\nInhalation of smoked marijuana is fast acting, the effects of which can be felt within minutes, with shorter duration effects, approximately 2-3 hours, compared to oral administration.  The duration can be shorter or longer depending on tolerance, dose, depth of inhalation, puff duration, and breathhold.  Smoking can be effective for treating acute symptoms that need to be addressed quickly, such as nausea, vomiting, pain and spasms.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/infoprof-eng.php#chp2211\">Smoked Cannabis ~ Health Canada</a>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Smoking cannabis results in more rapid onset of action (within minutes), higher blood levels of cannabinoids, and a shorter duration of pharmacodynamic effects compared to oral administration.  The amount of <abbr title=\"delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> delivered from cannabis cigarettes is not uniform and is a major variable in the assessment of absorption. Uncontrolled factors include the source of the plant material and the composition of the cigarette, together with the efficiency and method of smoking used by the subject.  While it has been reported that smokers can titrate their <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> intake by adapting their smoking behaviour to obtain desired levels of <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr>, other reasons may also explain the observed variation in smoking topography.  <abbr title=\"tetrahydrocannabinol\">Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC</abbr> absorption by inhalation is extremely rapid but quite variable, with a bioavailability of 2 - 56% through the smoking route depending on depth of inhalation, puff duration, and breathhold.</p>\r\nSince there are many variables associated when inhaling smoked marijuana, it can be difficult to titrate dose (t<span class=\"hvr\">he</span> <span class=\"hvr\">continual</span> <span class=\"hvr\">adjustment</span> of a <span class=\"hvr\">dose until the desired effect is achieved</span>).\r\n\r\nSome studies indicate that smoked marijuana can irritate and expose lungs to <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16128224\" target=\"_blank\">harmful toxins</a>  that are emitted thru combustion.\r\n\r\nThere are <a href=\"http://www.canorml.org/healthfacts/Second-Study-Shows-Vaporizers-Drastically-Reduce-Toxins-in-Marijuana-Smoke\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451365\" target=\"_blank\">data</a> that suggest vaporizing may be a healthier, efficient and more practical alternative to smoked marijuana, because this method of consumption offers fast acting effects similar to smoking, provides better dosage control and potentially reduces health risks.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Marijuana Overdose Symptoms</span></strong>\r\n\r\nMarijuana overdose symptoms are usually rare, but not impossible.\r\n\r\nSigns of excessive marijuana consumption or overdose may include:\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>Hallucinations</li>\r\n 	<li>Panic Attacks</li>\r\n 	<li>Extreme Paranoia</li>\r\n 	<li>Rapid Heart Rate (can increase risk of heart attack)</li>\r\n 	<li>Mental Confusion</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<strong>DISCLAIMER:</strong> The material provided here is for informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation.  Before taking any action, patients should consult a licensed healthcare professional.\r\n\r\nThe information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Consumption Methods', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4453-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 19:57:02', '2017-05-17 19:57:02', '', 4453, 'http://swerve.fyi/4453-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4619, 96, '2017-05-17 20:22:03', '2017-05-17 20:22:03', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">[spacer height=\"6px\"]The Endocannabinoid System</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-425\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\">\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n[spacer height=\"6px\"]\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4637 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.rHAQ4kY9_R.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Cannabis has been at the center of one of the most exciting—and underreported—developments in modern science. Research on marijuana’s effects led directly to the discovery of a hitherto unknown biochemical communication system in the human body, the Endocannabinoid System, which plays a crucial role in regulating our physiology, mood, and everyday experience.\r\n\r\nThe discovery of receptors in the brain that respond pharmacologically to cannabis—and the subsequent identification of endogenous cannabinoid compounds in our own bodies that bind to these receptors—has significantly advanced our understanding of human biology, health, and disease.\r\n\r\nIt is an established scientific fact that cannabinoids and other components of cannabis can modulate many physiological systems in the human brain and body. Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that trigger cannabinoid (and other) receptors. More than 100 cannabinoids have been identified in the <a title=\"Synthetic vs. Whole Plant CBD\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/synthetic-vs-whole-plant-cbd\">marijuana plant</a>. Of these marijuana molecules, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/what-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol (CBD)</a> have been studied most extensively. In addition to cannabinoids produced by the plant, there are endogenous cannabinoids (such as anandamide and 2AG) that occur naturally in the mammalian brain and body, as well as synthetic cannabinoids created by pharmaceutical researchers.\r\n\r\nExtensive preclinical research—much of it sponsored by the U.S. government—indicates that CBD has potent anti-tumoral, antioxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-psychotic, anti-convulsive, and neuroprotective properties. CBD directly activates serotonin receptors, causing an anti-depressant effect, as well.\r\n\r\nIn recent years, scientists associated with the <a href=\"http://www.icrs.co/\" target=\"_blank\">International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS)</a> have elucidated a number of molecular pathways through which CBD exerts a therapeutic impact. For example, a preclinical study by Dr. Sean McAllister and his colleagues at the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco report on how <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025276\" target=\"_blank\">CBD destroys breast cancer</a> cells by down-regulating a gene called ID-1, which is implicated in several types of aggressive cancer. Silencing the ID-1 gene is, thus, is a potential strategy for cancer treatment.\r\n\r\n“Cannabidiol offers hope of a <a title=\"What Type of Cannabis Therapy Is Best for You?\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/what-type-cannabis-therapy-best-you\">non-toxic therapy</a> that could treat aggressive forms of cancer without any of the painful side effects of chemotherapy,” says McAllister.\r\n\r\n<em><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4639 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/cbd-breast-cancer.jpg.pagespeed.ce_.ouVIg7LhXJ.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"132\" /></em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>The images above are from an experiment by McAllister testing how CBD can stop the invasion of cancer cells in human cell lines. Compare the untreated breast cancer cells on the left to the breast cancer cells destroyed by CBD on the right. Photo credit: The California Pacific Medical Center</em>\r\n<h3>CBD and THC Synergy</h3>\r\nAccording to McAllister’s lab, the best results were obtained when CBD was administered along with THC. Several studies underscore the therapeutic advantages for combining CBD and THC—particularly for treating <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18728714\" target=\"_blank\">peripheral neuropathy</a>, a painful condition associated with cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, arthritis, and other neurodegenerative ailments. Clinical research conducted by with GW Pharmaceuticals, a British company, has also shown that CBD is most effective as an analgesic when administered in combination with whole plant THC.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/endocannabinoid-system\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Endocannabinoid System', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', 'endocannabinoid_system', '', '', '2017-05-25 20:03:13', '2017-05-25 20:03:13', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?page_id=4619', 0, 'page', '', 0),
(4620, 96, '2017-05-17 20:22:03', '2017-05-17 20:22:03', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>The Endocannabinoid System</strong></span>\r\n\r\nMarijuana.Ca has provided the following links to resources as references for visitors to the site and does not endorse the content contained within the links that are provided.\r\n\r\n<strong>Links to scientific research and clinical studies on medical marijuana:</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Cannabis-Med.Org – Clinical Studies and Case Reports</strong>\r\nOn this site you will find clinical studies with cannabis or single cannabinoids in different diseases and case reports on the use of cannabis by patients.\r\nYou may search for diseases (indications), authors, medication, study design (controlled study, open trial, case report etc.) and other criteria.\r\nPlease visit <em><a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/studies/study.php?search=extended&amp;sort=year\" target=\"_blank\">Cannabis-Med.org</a> </em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Project CBD</strong>\r\nProject CBD is a non-profit educational service dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical utility of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant.\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.projectcbd.org/medicine/science/\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org</a></em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Centre for Medical Cannabis Research (CMCR)\r\n</strong>University of California’s Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research (CMCR). The purpose of the Center is to coordinate rigorous scientific studies to assess the safety and efficacy of cannabis and cannabis compounds for treating medical conditions.\r\nPlease visit  <a href=\"http://www.cmcr.ucsd.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>CMCR.ucsd.edu</em></a>\r\n\r\n<strong>PubMed\r\n</strong>1023 Articles with the search criteria of (Cannabis OR Marijuana) AND (Pain)\r\nPlease visit <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%28Cannabis+OR+Marijuana%29+AND+%28Pain%29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed.gov</a></em><strong>\r\n</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>PubMed\r\n</strong>89 Articles with the search criteria of (Palliative OR Hospice) AND (Cannabis OR Marijuana)\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%28palliative+OR+hospice%29+AND+%28cannabis+OR+marijuana%29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed.gov</a></em>\r\n\r\n<strong>US National Library of Medicine: Journal Citation Database\r\n</strong>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Selective Literature review\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central</a></em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'The Endocannabinoid System', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4619-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 20:22:03', '2017-05-17 20:22:03', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/4619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4621, 96, '2017-05-17 20:23:28', '2017-05-17 20:23:28', '', 'Science', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', 'science', '', '', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?p=4621', 12, 'nav_menu_item', '', 0),
(4622, 96, '2017-05-17 20:23:28', '2017-05-17 20:23:28', ' ', '', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4622', '', '', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?p=4622', 13, 'nav_menu_item', '', 0),
(4623, 96, '2017-05-17 20:24:58', '2017-05-17 20:24:58', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Terpenes and the \"Entourage Effect\"</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n[spacer height=\"6px\"]\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4634 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xentourage-effect.png.pagespeed.ic_.z2p9H84uW6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Most animal studies with cannabidiol utilize synthetic, single-molecule CBD produced by biochemical laboratories for research purposes. In contrast, whole plant extractions typically include CBD, THC, and more than 400 trace compounds. Many of these compounds interact synergistically to create what scientists refer to as an “entourage effect” that magnifies the therapeutic benefits of the plant’s individual components—so that the medicinal impact of the whole plant is greater than the sum of its parts.\r\n\r\nIt is important to consider the entourage effect (or lack thereof) when extrapolating data based on animal studies: 100 milligrams of synthetic single-molecule CBD is not equivalent to 100 milligrams of a CBD-rich whole plant cannabis extract.\r\n\r\n“Cannabis is inherently polypharmaceutical,” Dr. John McPartland notes, “and synergy arises from interactions between its multiple components.”\r\n<h2>Terpenes</h2>\r\nConsider the role of terpenes, for example. Terpenes are volatile aromatic molecules that evaporate easily and readily announce themselves to the nose. Various researchers have emphasized the pharmacological importance of terpenes, or terpenoids, which form the basis of aromatherapy, a popular holistic healing modality. Marijuana’s compelling fragrance and particular psychoactive flavor are determined by the predominate terpenes in a strain.\r\n\r\nAround 200 terpenes have been found in cannabis, but only a few of these odiferous oily substances appear in amounts substantial enough to be noteworthy, or nose worthy, as it were. Among them are monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, which are characterized by the number of repeating units of a 5-carbon molecule called isoprene, the structural hallmark of all terpenoid compounds. The terpenes in marijuana have given the plant an enduring, evolutionary advantage. Pungent terpenoid oils repel insects and animal grazers; others prevent fungus.\r\n\r\nTerpenes, it turns out, are healthy for people as well as plants. A September 2011 <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3165946/\" target=\"_blank\">report by Dr. Ethan Russo</a></span> in the <em>British Journal of Pharmacology</em> discussed the wide-ranging therapeutic attributes of terpenoids, which are typically lacking in “CBD-only” products.\r\n\r\n<em>Beta-caryophyllene</em>, for example, is a sesquiterpene found in the essential oil of black pepper, oregano, and other edible herbs, as well as in various cannabis strains and in many green, leafy vegetables. It is gastro-protective, good for treating certain ulcers, and offers great promise as a therapeutic compound for inflammatory conditions and auto-immune disorders because it binds directly to the peripheral cannabinoid receptor known as “CB2.”\r\n\r\nIn 2008, the Swiss scientist Jürg Gertsch documented beta-caryophyllene’s binding affinity for the CB2 receptor and described it as “a dietary cannabinoid.” It is the only terpenoid known to directly activate a cannabinoid receptor. And it’s one of the reasons why green, leafy vegetables are so healthy to eat.\r\n\r\nTerpenoids and cannabinoids both increase blood flow, enhance cortical activity, and kill respiratory pathogens, including <span style=\"color: #000000;\">MRSA</span>, the antibiotic-resistant bacteria that in recent years has claimed the lives of tens of thousands of Americans. Dr. Russo’s article reports that cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions “could produce synergy with respect to treatment of pain, inflammation, depression, anxiety, addiction, epilepsy, cancer, fungal and bacterial infections.”\r\n\r\nMarijuana’s bouquet of terpenes—that “riot of perfumes,” as the poet (and hashish-eater) Arthur Rimbaud once said—plays another important role. Terpenes and CBD buffer THC’s tricky psychoactivity. Cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions amplify the beneficial effects of cannabis while mitigating THC-induced anxiety.\r\n\r\nThe terpenoid profile can vary considerably from strain to strain. Patients who abandon a suitable strain for one with higher THC and/or CBD content may not get more relief if the terpenoid profile is significantly different. The nose knows: Choose a cannabis strain that smells good to you.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/terpenes-and-entourage-effect\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a></span>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. They provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a></span>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Entourage Effect', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', 'entourage_effect', '', '', '2017-05-25 20:34:41', '2017-05-25 20:34:41', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?page_id=4623', 0, 'page', '', 0),
(4624, 96, '2017-05-17 20:24:58', '2017-05-17 20:24:58', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>The Entourage Effect</strong></span>\r\n\r\nMarijuana.Ca has provided the following links to resources as references for visitors to the site and does not endorse the content contained within the links that are provided.\r\n\r\n<strong>Links to scientific research and clinical studies on medical marijuana:</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Cannabis-Med.Org – Clinical Studies and Case Reports</strong>\r\nOn this site you will find clinical studies with cannabis or single cannabinoids in different diseases and case reports on the use of cannabis by patients.\r\nYou may search for diseases (indications), authors, medication, study design (controlled study, open trial, case report etc.) and other criteria.\r\nPlease visit <em><a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/studies/study.php?search=extended&amp;sort=year\" target=\"_blank\">Cannabis-Med.org</a> </em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Project CBD</strong>\r\nProject CBD is a non-profit educational service dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical utility of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant.\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.projectcbd.org/medicine/science/\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org</a></em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Centre for Medical Cannabis Research (CMCR)\r\n</strong>University of California’s Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research (CMCR). The purpose of the Center is to coordinate rigorous scientific studies to assess the safety and efficacy of cannabis and cannabis compounds for treating medical conditions.\r\nPlease visit  <a href=\"http://www.cmcr.ucsd.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>CMCR.ucsd.edu</em></a>\r\n\r\n<strong>PubMed\r\n</strong>1023 Articles with the search criteria of (Cannabis OR Marijuana) AND (Pain)\r\nPlease visit <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%28Cannabis+OR+Marijuana%29+AND+%28Pain%29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed.gov</a></em><strong>\r\n</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>PubMed\r\n</strong>89 Articles with the search criteria of (Palliative OR Hospice) AND (Cannabis OR Marijuana)\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%28palliative+OR+hospice%29+AND+%28cannabis+OR+marijuana%29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed.gov</a></em>\r\n\r\n<strong>US National Library of Medicine: Journal Citation Database\r\n</strong>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Selective Literature review\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central</a></em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'The Entourage Effect', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4623-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 20:24:58', '2017-05-17 20:24:58', '', 4623, 'http://swerve.fyi/4623-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4625, 96, '2017-05-17 20:25:42', '2017-05-17 20:25:42', ' ', '', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4625', '', '', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?p=4625', 14, 'nav_menu_item', '', 0),
(4626, 96, '2017-05-17 20:44:58', '2017-05-17 20:44:58', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>The Entourage Effect</strong></span>\r\n\r\nMarijuana.Ca has provided the following links to resources as references for visitors to the site and does not endorse the content contained within the links that are provided.\r\n\r\n<strong>Links to scientific research and clinical studies on medical marijuana:</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Cannabis-Med.Org – Clinical Studies and Case Reports</strong>\r\nOn this site you will find clinical studies with cannabis or single cannabinoids in different diseases and case reports on the use of cannabis by patients.\r\nYou may search for diseases (indications), authors, medication, study design (controlled study, open trial, case report etc.) and other criteria.\r\nPlease visit <em><a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/studies/study.php?search=extended&amp;sort=year\" target=\"_blank\">Cannabis-Med.org</a> </em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Project CBD</strong>\r\nProject CBD is a non-profit educational service dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical utility of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant.\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.projectcbd.org/medicine/science/\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org</a></em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Centre for Medical Cannabis Research (CMCR)\r\n</strong>University of California’s Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research (CMCR). The purpose of the Center is to coordinate rigorous scientific studies to assess the safety and efficacy of cannabis and cannabis compounds for treating medical conditions.\r\nPlease visit  <a href=\"http://www.cmcr.ucsd.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>CMCR.ucsd.edu</em></a>\r\n\r\n<strong>PubMed\r\n</strong>1023 Articles with the search criteria of (Cannabis OR Marijuana) AND (Pain)\r\nPlease visit <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%28Cannabis+OR+Marijuana%29+AND+%28Pain%29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed.gov</a></em><strong>\r\n</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>PubMed\r\n</strong>89 Articles with the search criteria of (Palliative OR Hospice) AND (Cannabis OR Marijuana)\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%28palliative+OR+hospice%29+AND+%28cannabis+OR+marijuana%29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed.gov</a></em>\r\n\r\n<strong>US National Library of Medicine: Journal Citation Database\r\n</strong>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Selective Literature review\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central</a></em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Entourage Effect', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4623-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 20:44:58', '2017-05-17 20:44:58', '', 4623, 'http://swerve.fyi/4623-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4627, 96, '2017-05-17 20:46:34', '2017-05-17 20:46:34', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-size: 20px;\"><strong>The Endocannabinoid System</strong></span>\r\n\r\nMarijuana.Ca has provided the following links to resources as references for visitors to the site and does not endorse the content contained within the links that are provided.\r\n\r\n<strong>Links to scientific research and clinical studies on medical marijuana:</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>Cannabis-Med.Org – Clinical Studies and Case Reports</strong>\r\nOn this site you will find clinical studies with cannabis or single cannabinoids in different diseases and case reports on the use of cannabis by patients.\r\nYou may search for diseases (indications), authors, medication, study design (controlled study, open trial, case report etc.) and other criteria.\r\nPlease visit <em><a href=\"http://www.cannabis-med.org/studies/study.php?search=extended&amp;sort=year\" target=\"_blank\">Cannabis-Med.org</a> </em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Project CBD</strong>\r\nProject CBD is a non-profit educational service dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical utility of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant.\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.projectcbd.org/medicine/science/\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org</a></em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Centre for Medical Cannabis Research (CMCR)\r\n</strong>University of California’s Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research (CMCR). The purpose of the Center is to coordinate rigorous scientific studies to assess the safety and efficacy of cannabis and cannabis compounds for treating medical conditions.\r\nPlease visit  <a href=\"http://www.cmcr.ucsd.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"><em>CMCR.ucsd.edu</em></a>\r\n\r\n<strong>PubMed\r\n</strong>1023 Articles with the search criteria of (Cannabis OR Marijuana) AND (Pain)\r\nPlease visit <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%28Cannabis+OR+Marijuana%29+AND+%28Pain%29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed.gov</a></em><strong>\r\n</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong>PubMed\r\n</strong>89 Articles with the search criteria of (Palliative OR Hospice) AND (Cannabis OR Marijuana)\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=%28palliative+OR+hospice%29+AND+%28cannabis+OR+marijuana%29\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed.gov</a></em>\r\n\r\n<strong>US National Library of Medicine: Journal Citation Database\r\n</strong>The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Selective Literature review\r\nPlease visit  <em><a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442177/\" target=\"_blank\">PubMed Central</a></em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Endocannabinoid System', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4619-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 20:46:34', '2017-05-17 20:46:34', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/4619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` (`ID`, `post_author`, `post_date`, `post_date_gmt`, `post_content`, `post_title`, `post_excerpt`, `post_status`, `comment_status`, `ping_status`, `post_password`, `post_name`, `to_ping`, `pinged`, `post_modified`, `post_modified_gmt`, `post_content_filtered`, `post_parent`, `guid`, `menu_order`, `post_type`, `post_mime_type`, `comment_count`) VALUES
(4629, 96, '2017-05-17 20:58:53', '2017-05-17 20:58:53', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">The Endocannabinoid System</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-425\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\">\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/sites/projectcbd/files/field/image/230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic.rHAQ4kY9_R.jpg\" alt=\"The Endocannabinoid System\" data-pagespeed-url-hash=\"4285070253\" />Cannabis has been at the center of one of the most exciting—and underreported—developments in modern science. Research on marijuana’s effects led directly to the discovery of a hitherto unknown biochemical communication system in the human body, the Endocannabinoid System, which plays a crucial role in regulating our physiology, mood, and everyday experience.\r\n\r\nThe discovery of receptors in the brain that respond pharmacologically to cannabis—and the subsequent identification of endogenous cannabinoid compounds in our own bodies that bind to these receptors—has significantly advanced our understanding of human biology, health, and disease.\r\n\r\nIt is an established scientific fact that cannabinoids and other components of cannabis can modulate many physiological systems in the human brain and body. Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that trigger cannabinoid (and other) receptors. More than 100 cannabinoids have been identified in the <a title=\"Synthetic vs. Whole Plant CBD\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/synthetic-vs-whole-plant-cbd\">marijuana plant</a>. Of these marijuana molecules, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/what-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol (CBD)</a> have been studied most extensively. In addition to cannabinoids produced by the plant, there are endogenous cannabinoids (such as anandamide and 2AG) that occur naturally in the mammalian brain and body, as well as synthetic cannabinoids created by pharmaceutical researchers.\r\n\r\nExtensive preclinical research—much of it sponsored by the U.S. government—indicates that CBD has potent anti-tumoral, antioxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-psychotic, anti-convulsive, and neuroprotective properties. CBD directly activates serotonin receptors, causing an anti-depressant effect, as well.\r\n\r\nIn recent years, scientists associated with the <a href=\"http://www.icrs.co/\" target=\"_blank\">International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS)</a> have elucidated a number of molecular pathways through which CBD exerts a therapeutic impact. For example, a preclinical study by Dr. Sean McAllister and his colleagues at the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco report on how <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025276\" target=\"_blank\">CBD destroys breast cancer</a> cells by down-regulating a gene called ID-1, which is implicated in several types of aggressive cancer. Silencing the ID-1 gene is, thus, is a potential strategy for cancer treatment.\r\n\r\n“Cannabidiol offers hope of a <a title=\"What Type of Cannabis Therapy Is Best for You?\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/what-type-cannabis-therapy-best-you\">non-toxic therapy</a> that could treat aggressive forms of cancer without any of the painful side effects of chemotherapy,” says McAllister.\r\n\r\n<img title=\"The Endocannabinoid System\" src=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/sites/projectcbd/files/cbd-breast-cancer.jpg.pagespeed.ce.ouVIg7LhXJ.jpg\" alt=\"Cannabis\' tumor-fighting properties\" data-pagespeed-url-hash=\"199338778\" />\r\n\r\n<em>The images above are from an experiment by McAllister testing how CBD can stop the invasion of cancer cells in human cell lines. Compare the untreated breast cancer cells on the left to the breast cancer cells destroyed by CBD on the right. Photo credit: The California Pacific Medical Center</em>\r\n<h3>CBD and THC Synergy</h3>\r\nAccording to McAllister’s lab, the best results were obtained when CBD was administered along with THC. Several studies underscore the therapeutic advantages for combining CBD and THC—particularly for treating <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18728714\" target=\"_blank\">peripheral neuropathy</a>, a painful condition associated with cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, arthritis, and other neurodegenerative ailments. Clinical research conducted by with GW Pharmaceuticals, a British company, has also shown that CBD is most effective as an analgesic when administered in combination with whole plant THC.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Endocannabinoid System', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4619-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 20:58:53', '2017-05-17 20:58:53', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/4619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4630, 96, '2017-05-17 21:05:06', '2017-05-17 21:05:06', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">The Endocannabinoid System</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-425\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\">\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/sites/projectcbd/files/field/image/230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic.rHAQ4kY9_R.jpg\" alt=\"The Endocannabinoid System\" data-pagespeed-url-hash=\"4285070253\" />Cannabis has been at the center of one of the most exciting—and underreported—developments in modern science. Research on marijuana’s effects led directly to the discovery of a hitherto unknown biochemical communication system in the human body, the Endocannabinoid System, which plays a crucial role in regulating our physiology, mood, and everyday experience.\r\n\r\nThe discovery of receptors in the brain that respond pharmacologically to cannabis—and the subsequent identification of endogenous cannabinoid compounds in our own bodies that bind to these receptors—has significantly advanced our understanding of human biology, health, and disease.\r\n\r\nIt is an established scientific fact that cannabinoids and other components of cannabis can modulate many physiological systems in the human brain and body. Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that trigger cannabinoid (and other) receptors. More than 100 cannabinoids have been identified in the <a title=\"Synthetic vs. Whole Plant CBD\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/synthetic-vs-whole-plant-cbd\">marijuana plant</a>. Of these marijuana molecules, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/what-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol (CBD)</a> have been studied most extensively. In addition to cannabinoids produced by the plant, there are endogenous cannabinoids (such as anandamide and 2AG) that occur naturally in the mammalian brain and body, as well as synthetic cannabinoids created by pharmaceutical researchers.\r\n\r\nExtensive preclinical research—much of it sponsored by the U.S. government—indicates that CBD has potent anti-tumoral, antioxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-psychotic, anti-convulsive, and neuroprotective properties. CBD directly activates serotonin receptors, causing an anti-depressant effect, as well.\r\n\r\nIn recent years, scientists associated with the <a href=\"http://www.icrs.co/\" target=\"_blank\">International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS)</a> have elucidated a number of molecular pathways through which CBD exerts a therapeutic impact. For example, a preclinical study by Dr. Sean McAllister and his colleagues at the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco report on how <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025276\" target=\"_blank\">CBD destroys breast cancer</a> cells by down-regulating a gene called ID-1, which is implicated in several types of aggressive cancer. Silencing the ID-1 gene is, thus, is a potential strategy for cancer treatment.\r\n\r\n“Cannabidiol offers hope of a <a title=\"What Type of Cannabis Therapy Is Best for You?\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/what-type-cannabis-therapy-best-you\">non-toxic therapy</a> that could treat aggressive forms of cancer without any of the painful side effects of chemotherapy,” says McAllister.\r\n\r\n<img title=\"The Endocannabinoid System\" src=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/sites/projectcbd/files/cbd-breast-cancer.jpg.pagespeed.ce.ouVIg7LhXJ.jpg\" alt=\"Cannabis\' tumor-fighting properties\" data-pagespeed-url-hash=\"199338778\" />\r\n\r\n<em>The images above are from an experiment by McAllister testing how CBD can stop the invasion of cancer cells in human cell lines. Compare the untreated breast cancer cells on the left to the breast cancer cells destroyed by CBD on the right. Photo credit: The California Pacific Medical Center</em>\r\n<h3>CBD and THC Synergy</h3>\r\nAccording to McAllister’s lab, the best results were obtained when CBD was administered along with THC. Several studies underscore the therapeutic advantages for combining CBD and THC—particularly for treating <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18728714\" target=\"_blank\">peripheral neuropathy</a>, a painful condition associated with cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, arthritis, and other neurodegenerative ailments. Clinical research conducted by with GW Pharmaceuticals, a British company, has also shown that CBD is most effective as an analgesic when administered in combination with whole plant THC.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\nThe above material was provided by Project CBD.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Endocannabinoid System', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4619-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:05:06', '2017-05-17 21:05:06', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/4619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4632, 96, '2017-05-17 21:08:59', '2017-05-17 21:08:59', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Terpenes and the \"Entourage Effect\"</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/sites/projectcbd/files/field/230x230xentourage-effect.png.pagespeed.ic.z2p9H84uW6.jpg\" alt=\"Entourage Effect CBD and THC\" />Most animal studies with cannabidiol utilize synthetic, single-molecule CBD produced by biochemical laboratories for research purposes. In contrast, whole plant extractions typically include CBD, THC, and more than 400 trace compounds. Many of these compounds interact synergistically to create what scientists refer to as an “entourage effect” that magnifies the therapeutic benefits of the plant’s individual components—so that the medicinal impact of the whole plant is greater than the sum of its parts.\r\n\r\nIt is important to consider the entourage effect (or lack thereof) when extrapolating data based on animal studies: 100 milligrams of synthetic single-molecule CBD is not equivalent to 100 milligrams of a CBD-rich whole plant cannabis extract.\r\n\r\n“Cannabis is inherently polypharmaceutical,” Dr. John McPartland notes, “and synergy arises from interactions between its multiple components.”\r\n<h2>Terpenes</h2>\r\nConsider the role of terpenes, for example. Terpenes are volatile aromatic molecules that evaporate easily and readily announce themselves to the nose. Various researchers have emphasized the pharmacological importance of terpenes, or terpenoids, which form the basis of aromatherapy, a popular holistic healing modality. Marijuana’s compelling fragrance and particular psychoactive flavor are determined by the predominate terpenes in a strain.\r\n\r\nAround 200 terpenes have been found in cannabis, but only a few of these odiferous oily substances appear in amounts substantial enough to be noteworthy, or nose worthy, as it were. Among them are monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, which are characterized by the number of repeating units of a 5-carbon molecule called isoprene, the structural hallmark of all terpenoid compounds. The terpenes in marijuana have given the plant an enduring, evolutionary advantage. Pungent terpenoid oils repel insects and animal grazers; others prevent fungus.\r\n\r\nTerpenes, it turns out, are healthy for people as well as plants. A September 2011 <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3165946/\" target=\"_blank\">report by Dr. Ethan Russo</a> in the <em>British Journal of Pharmacology</em> discussed the wide-ranging therapeutic attributes of terpenoids, which are typically lacking in “CBD-only” products.\r\n\r\n<em>Beta-caryophyllene</em>, for example, is a sesquiterpene found in the essential oil of black pepper, oregano, and other edible herbs, as well as in various cannabis strains and in many green, leafy vegetables. It is gastro-protective, good for treating certain ulcers, and offers great promise as a therapeutic compound for inflammatory conditions and auto-immune disorders because it binds directly to the peripheral cannabinoid receptor known as “CB2.”\r\n\r\nIn 2008, the Swiss scientist Jürg Gertsch documented beta-caryophyllene’s binding affinity for the CB2 receptor and described it as “a dietary cannabinoid.” It is the only terpenoid known to directly activate a cannabinoid receptor. And it’s one of the reasons why green, leafy vegetables are so healthy to eat.\r\n\r\nTerpenoids and cannabinoids both increase blood flow, enhance cortical activity, and kill respiratory pathogens, including <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/9/Antibiotic-resistance\">MRSA</a>, the antibiotic-resistant bacteria that in recent years has claimed the lives of tens of thousands of Americans. Dr. Russo’s article reports that cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions “could produce synergy with respect to treatment of <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/37/Neuropathic-pain\">pain</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/26/Inflammation\">inflammation</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/18/Depression\">depression</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/10/Anxiety\">anxiety</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/4/Addiction\">addiction</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/21/Epilepsy/seizure\">epilepsy</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/16/Cancer\">cancer</a>, fungal and bacterial infections.”\r\n\r\nMarijuana’s bouquet of terpenes—that “riot of perfumes,” as the poet (and hashish-eater) Arthur Rimbaud once said—plays another important role. Terpenes and CBD buffer THC’s tricky psychoactivity. Cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions amplify the beneficial effects of cannabis while mitigating THC-induced anxiety.\r\n\r\nThe terpenoid profile can vary considerably from strain to strain. Patients who abandon a suitable strain for one with higher THC and/or CBD content may not get more relief if the terpenoid profile is significantly different. The nose knows: Choose a cannabis strain that smells good to you.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\nThe above material was provided by Project CBD.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Entourage Effect', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4623-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:08:59', '2017-05-17 21:08:59', '', 4623, 'http://swerve.fyi/4623-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4633, 96, '2017-05-17 21:09:08', '2017-05-17 21:09:08', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">The Endocannabinoid System</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-425\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\">\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/sites/projectcbd/files/field/image/230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic.rHAQ4kY9_R.jpg\" alt=\"The Endocannabinoid System\" data-pagespeed-url-hash=\"4285070253\" />Cannabis has been at the center of one of the most exciting—and underreported—developments in modern science. Research on marijuana’s effects led directly to the discovery of a hitherto unknown biochemical communication system in the human body, the Endocannabinoid System, which plays a crucial role in regulating our physiology, mood, and everyday experience.\r\n\r\nThe discovery of receptors in the brain that respond pharmacologically to cannabis—and the subsequent identification of endogenous cannabinoid compounds in our own bodies that bind to these receptors—has significantly advanced our understanding of human biology, health, and disease.\r\n\r\nIt is an established scientific fact that cannabinoids and other components of cannabis can modulate many physiological systems in the human brain and body. Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that trigger cannabinoid (and other) receptors. More than 100 cannabinoids have been identified in the <a title=\"Synthetic vs. Whole Plant CBD\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/synthetic-vs-whole-plant-cbd\">marijuana plant</a>. Of these marijuana molecules, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/what-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol (CBD)</a> have been studied most extensively. In addition to cannabinoids produced by the plant, there are endogenous cannabinoids (such as anandamide and 2AG) that occur naturally in the mammalian brain and body, as well as synthetic cannabinoids created by pharmaceutical researchers.\r\n\r\nExtensive preclinical research—much of it sponsored by the U.S. government—indicates that CBD has potent anti-tumoral, antioxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-psychotic, anti-convulsive, and neuroprotective properties. CBD directly activates serotonin receptors, causing an anti-depressant effect, as well.\r\n\r\nIn recent years, scientists associated with the <a href=\"http://www.icrs.co/\" target=\"_blank\">International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS)</a> have elucidated a number of molecular pathways through which CBD exerts a therapeutic impact. For example, a preclinical study by Dr. Sean McAllister and his colleagues at the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco report on how <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025276\" target=\"_blank\">CBD destroys breast cancer</a> cells by down-regulating a gene called ID-1, which is implicated in several types of aggressive cancer. Silencing the ID-1 gene is, thus, is a potential strategy for cancer treatment.\r\n\r\n“Cannabidiol offers hope of a <a title=\"What Type of Cannabis Therapy Is Best for You?\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/what-type-cannabis-therapy-best-you\">non-toxic therapy</a> that could treat aggressive forms of cancer without any of the painful side effects of chemotherapy,” says McAllister.\r\n\r\n<img title=\"The Endocannabinoid System\" src=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/sites/projectcbd/files/cbd-breast-cancer.jpg.pagespeed.ce.ouVIg7LhXJ.jpg\" alt=\"Cannabis\' tumor-fighting properties\" data-pagespeed-url-hash=\"199338778\" />\r\n\r\n<em>The images above are from an experiment by McAllister testing how CBD can stop the invasion of cancer cells in human cell lines. Compare the untreated breast cancer cells on the left to the breast cancer cells destroyed by CBD on the right. Photo credit: The California Pacific Medical Center</em>\r\n<h3>CBD and THC Synergy</h3>\r\nAccording to McAllister’s lab, the best results were obtained when CBD was administered along with THC. Several studies underscore the therapeutic advantages for combining CBD and THC—particularly for treating <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18728714\" target=\"_blank\">peripheral neuropathy</a>, a painful condition associated with cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, arthritis, and other neurodegenerative ailments. Clinical research conducted by with GW Pharmaceuticals, a British company, has also shown that CBD is most effective as an analgesic when administered in combination with whole plant THC.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\nThe above material was provided by Project CBD.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Endocannabinoid System', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4619-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:09:08', '2017-05-17 21:09:08', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/4619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4634, 96, '2017-05-17 21:15:50', '2017-05-17 21:15:50', '', '230x230xentourage-effect.png.pagespeed.ic.z2p9H84uW6', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'closed', '', '230x230xentourage-effect-png-pagespeed-ic-z2p9h84uw6', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:15:50', '2017-05-17 21:15:50', '', 4623, 'http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xentourage-effect.png.pagespeed.ic_.z2p9H84uW6.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(4635, 96, '2017-05-19 19:23:54', '2017-05-19 19:23:54', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Terpenes and the \"Entourage Effect\"</span></strong></p>\n\n\n<hr />\n\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n\n[spacer height=\"6px\"]\n\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4634 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xentourage-effect.png.pagespeed.ic_.z2p9H84uW6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Most animal studies with cannabidiol utilize synthetic, single-molecule CBD produced by biochemical laboratories for research purposes. In contrast, whole plant extractions typically include CBD, THC, and more than 400 trace compounds. Many of these compounds interact synergistically to create what scientists refer to as an “entourage effect” that magnifies the therapeutic benefits of the plant’s individual components—so that the medicinal impact of the whole plant is greater than the sum of its parts.\n\nIt is important to consider the entourage effect (or lack thereof) when extrapolating data based on animal studies: 100 milligrams of synthetic single-molecule CBD is not equivalent to 100 milligrams of a CBD-rich whole plant cannabis extract.\n\n“Cannabis is inherently polypharmaceutical,” Dr. John McPartland notes, “and synergy arises from interactions between its multiple components.”\n<h2>Terpenes</h2>\nConsider the role of terpenes, for example. Terpenes are volatile aromatic molecules that evaporate easily and readily announce themselves to the nose. Various researchers have emphasized the pharmacological importance of terpenes, or terpenoids, which form the basis of aromatherapy, a popular holistic healing modality. Marijuana’s compelling fragrance and particular psychoactive flavor are determined by the predominate terpenes in a strain.\n\nAround 200 terpenes have been found in cannabis, but only a few of these odiferous oily substances appear in amounts substantial enough to be noteworthy, or nose worthy, as it were. Among them are monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, which are characterized by the number of repeating units of a 5-carbon molecule called isoprene, the structural hallmark of all terpenoid compounds. The terpenes in marijuana have given the plant an enduring, evolutionary advantage. Pungent terpenoid oils repel insects and animal grazers; others prevent fungus.\n\nTerpenes, it turns out, are healthy for people as well as plants. A September 2011 <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3165946/\" target=\"_blank\">report by Dr. Ethan Russo</a></span> in the <em>British Journal of Pharmacology</em> discussed the wide-ranging therapeutic attributes of terpenoids, which are typically lacking in “CBD-only” products.\n\n<em>Beta-caryophyllene</em>, for example, is a sesquiterpene found in the essential oil of black pepper, oregano, and other edible herbs, as well as in various cannabis strains and in many green, leafy vegetables. It is gastro-protective, good for treating certain ulcers, and offers great promise as a therapeutic compound for inflammatory conditions and auto-immune disorders because it binds directly to the peripheral cannabinoid receptor known as “CB2.”\n\nIn 2008, the Swiss scientist Jürg Gertsch documented beta-caryophyllene’s binding affinity for the CB2 receptor and described it as “a dietary cannabinoid.” It is the only terpenoid known to directly activate a cannabinoid receptor. And it’s one of the reasons why green, leafy vegetables are so healthy to eat.\n\nTerpenoids and cannabinoids both increase blood flow, enhance cortical activity, and kill respiratory pathogens, including <span style=\"color: #000000;\">MRSA</span>, the antibiotic-resistant bacteria that in recent years has claimed the lives of tens of thousands of Americans. Dr. Russo’s article reports that cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions “could produce synergy with respect to treatment of pain, inflammation, depression, anxiety, addiction, epilepsy, cancer, fungal and bacterial infections.”\n\nMarijuana’s bouquet of terpenes—that “riot of perfumes,” as the poet (and hashish-eater) Arthur Rimbaud once said—plays another important role. Terpenes and CBD buffer THC’s tricky psychoactivity. Cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions amplify the beneficial effects of cannabis while mitigating THC-induced anxiety.\n\nThe terpenoid profile can vary considerably from strain to strain. Patients who abandon a suitable strain for one with higher THC and/or CBD content may not get more relief if the terpenoid profile is significantly different. The nose knows: Choose a cannabis strain that smells good to you.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</article></section></div>\n\n<hr />\n\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/terpenes-and-entourage-effect\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\n\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\n\n<hr />\n\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\n\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Entourage Effect', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4623-autosave-v1', '', '', '2017-05-19 19:23:54', '2017-05-19 19:23:54', '', 4623, 'http://swerve.fyi/4623-autosave-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4636, 96, '2017-05-17 21:16:53', '2017-05-17 21:16:53', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Terpenes and the \"Entourage Effect\"</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4634 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xentourage-effect.png.pagespeed.ic_.z2p9H84uW6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Most animal studies with cannabidiol utilize synthetic, single-molecule CBD produced by biochemical laboratories for research purposes. In contrast, whole plant extractions typically include CBD, THC, and more than 400 trace compounds. Many of these compounds interact synergistically to create what scientists refer to as an “entourage effect” that magnifies the therapeutic benefits of the plant’s individual components—so that the medicinal impact of the whole plant is greater than the sum of its parts.\r\n\r\nIt is important to consider the entourage effect (or lack thereof) when extrapolating data based on animal studies: 100 milligrams of synthetic single-molecule CBD is not equivalent to 100 milligrams of a CBD-rich whole plant cannabis extract.\r\n\r\n“Cannabis is inherently polypharmaceutical,” Dr. John McPartland notes, “and synergy arises from interactions between its multiple components.”\r\n<h2>Terpenes</h2>\r\nConsider the role of terpenes, for example. Terpenes are volatile aromatic molecules that evaporate easily and readily announce themselves to the nose. Various researchers have emphasized the pharmacological importance of terpenes, or terpenoids, which form the basis of aromatherapy, a popular holistic healing modality. Marijuana’s compelling fragrance and particular psychoactive flavor are determined by the predominate terpenes in a strain.\r\n\r\nAround 200 terpenes have been found in cannabis, but only a few of these odiferous oily substances appear in amounts substantial enough to be noteworthy, or nose worthy, as it were. Among them are monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, which are characterized by the number of repeating units of a 5-carbon molecule called isoprene, the structural hallmark of all terpenoid compounds. The terpenes in marijuana have given the plant an enduring, evolutionary advantage. Pungent terpenoid oils repel insects and animal grazers; others prevent fungus.\r\n\r\nTerpenes, it turns out, are healthy for people as well as plants. A September 2011 <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3165946/\" target=\"_blank\">report by Dr. Ethan Russo</a> in the <em>British Journal of Pharmacology</em> discussed the wide-ranging therapeutic attributes of terpenoids, which are typically lacking in “CBD-only” products.\r\n\r\n<em>Beta-caryophyllene</em>, for example, is a sesquiterpene found in the essential oil of black pepper, oregano, and other edible herbs, as well as in various cannabis strains and in many green, leafy vegetables. It is gastro-protective, good for treating certain ulcers, and offers great promise as a therapeutic compound for inflammatory conditions and auto-immune disorders because it binds directly to the peripheral cannabinoid receptor known as “CB2.”\r\n\r\nIn 2008, the Swiss scientist Jürg Gertsch documented beta-caryophyllene’s binding affinity for the CB2 receptor and described it as “a dietary cannabinoid.” It is the only terpenoid known to directly activate a cannabinoid receptor. And it’s one of the reasons why green, leafy vegetables are so healthy to eat.\r\n\r\nTerpenoids and cannabinoids both increase blood flow, enhance cortical activity, and kill respiratory pathogens, including <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/9/Antibiotic-resistance\">MRSA</a>, the antibiotic-resistant bacteria that in recent years has claimed the lives of tens of thousands of Americans. Dr. Russo’s article reports that cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions “could produce synergy with respect to treatment of <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/37/Neuropathic-pain\">pain</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/26/Inflammation\">inflammation</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/18/Depression\">depression</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/10/Anxiety\">anxiety</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/4/Addiction\">addiction</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/21/Epilepsy/seizure\">epilepsy</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/16/Cancer\">cancer</a>, fungal and bacterial infections.”\r\n\r\nMarijuana’s bouquet of terpenes—that “riot of perfumes,” as the poet (and hashish-eater) Arthur Rimbaud once said—plays another important role. Terpenes and CBD buffer THC’s tricky psychoactivity. Cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions amplify the beneficial effects of cannabis while mitigating THC-induced anxiety.\r\n\r\nThe terpenoid profile can vary considerably from strain to strain. Patients who abandon a suitable strain for one with higher THC and/or CBD content may not get more relief if the terpenoid profile is significantly different. The nose knows: Choose a cannabis strain that smells good to you.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/terpenes-and-entourage-effect\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Entourage Effect', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4623-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:16:53', '2017-05-17 21:16:53', '', 4623, 'http://swerve.fyi/4623-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4637, 96, '2017-05-17 21:19:11', '2017-05-17 21:19:11', '', '230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic.rHAQ4kY9_R', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'closed', '', '230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd-png-pagespeed-ic-rhaq4ky9_r', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:19:11', '2017-05-17 21:19:11', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.rHAQ4kY9_R.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(4638, 96, '2017-05-17 21:19:25', '2017-05-17 21:19:25', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">The Endocannabinoid System</span></strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-425\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\">\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4637 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.rHAQ4kY9_R.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Cannabis has been at the center of one of the most exciting—and underreported—developments in modern science. Research on marijuana’s effects led directly to the discovery of a hitherto unknown biochemical communication system in the human body, the Endocannabinoid System, which plays a crucial role in regulating our physiology, mood, and everyday experience.\n\nThe discovery of receptors in the brain that respond pharmacologically to cannabis—and the subsequent identification of endogenous cannabinoid compounds in our own bodies that bind to these receptors—has significantly advanced our understanding of human biology, health, and disease.\n\nIt is an established scientific fact that cannabinoids and other components of cannabis can modulate many physiological systems in the human brain and body. Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that trigger cannabinoid (and other) receptors. More than 100 cannabinoids have been identified in the <a title=\"Synthetic vs. Whole Plant CBD\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/synthetic-vs-whole-plant-cbd\">marijuana plant</a>. Of these marijuana molecules, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/what-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol (CBD)</a> have been studied most extensively. In addition to cannabinoids produced by the plant, there are endogenous cannabinoids (such as anandamide and 2AG) that occur naturally in the mammalian brain and body, as well as synthetic cannabinoids created by pharmaceutical researchers.\n\nExtensive preclinical research—much of it sponsored by the U.S. government—indicates that CBD has potent anti-tumoral, antioxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-psychotic, anti-convulsive, and neuroprotective properties. CBD directly activates serotonin receptors, causing an anti-depressant effect, as well.\n\nIn recent years, scientists associated with the <a href=\"http://www.icrs.co/\" target=\"_blank\">International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS)</a> have elucidated a number of molecular pathways through which CBD exerts a therapeutic impact. For example, a preclinical study by Dr. Sean McAllister and his colleagues at the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco report on how <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025276\" target=\"_blank\">CBD destroys breast cancer</a> cells by down-regulating a gene called ID-1, which is implicated in several types of aggressive cancer. Silencing the ID-1 gene is, thus, is a potential strategy for cancer treatment.\n\n“Cannabidiol offers hope of a <a title=\"What Type of Cannabis Therapy Is Best for You?\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/what-type-cannabis-therapy-best-you\">non-toxic therapy</a> that could treat aggressive forms of cancer without any of the painful side effects of chemotherapy,” says McAllister.\n\n<img title=\"The Endocannabinoid System\" src=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/sites/projectcbd/files/cbd-breast-cancer.jpg.pagespeed.ce.ouVIg7LhXJ.jpg\" alt=\"Cannabis\' tumor-fighting properties\" data-pagespeed-url-hash=\"199338778\" />\n\n<em>The images above are from an experiment by McAllister testing how CBD can stop the invasion of cancer cells in human cell lines. Compare the untreated breast cancer cells on the left to the breast cancer cells destroyed by CBD on the right. Photo credit: The California Pacific Medical Center</em>\n<h3>CBD and THC Synergy</h3>\nAccording to McAllister’s lab, the best results were obtained when CBD was administered along with THC. Several studies underscore the therapeutic advantages for combining CBD and THC—particularly for treating <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18728714\" target=\"_blank\">peripheral neuropathy</a>, a painful condition associated with cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, arthritis, and other neurodegenerative ailments. Clinical research conducted by with GW Pharmaceuticals, a British company, has also shown that CBD is most effective as an analgesic when administered in combination with whole plant THC.\n\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</article></section></div>\n\n<hr />\n\nThe above material was provided by Project CBD.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\n\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\n\n<hr />\n\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\n\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Endocannabinoid System', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4619-autosave-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:19:25', '2017-05-17 21:19:25', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/4619-autosave-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4639, 96, '2017-05-17 21:19:36', '2017-05-17 21:19:36', '', 'cbd-breast-cancer.jpg.pagespeed.ce.ouVIg7LhXJ', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'closed', '', 'cbd-breast-cancer-jpg-pagespeed-ce-ouvig7lhxj', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:19:36', '2017-05-17 21:19:36', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/cbd-breast-cancer.jpg.pagespeed.ce_.ouVIg7LhXJ.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` (`ID`, `post_author`, `post_date`, `post_date_gmt`, `post_content`, `post_title`, `post_excerpt`, `post_status`, `comment_status`, `ping_status`, `post_password`, `post_name`, `to_ping`, `pinged`, `post_modified`, `post_modified_gmt`, `post_content_filtered`, `post_parent`, `guid`, `menu_order`, `post_type`, `post_mime_type`, `comment_count`) VALUES
(4640, 96, '2017-05-17 21:20:41', '2017-05-17 21:20:41', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">The Endocannabinoid System</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-425\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\">\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4637 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.rHAQ4kY9_R.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Cannabis has been at the center of one of the most exciting—and underreported—developments in modern science. Research on marijuana’s effects led directly to the discovery of a hitherto unknown biochemical communication system in the human body, the Endocannabinoid System, which plays a crucial role in regulating our physiology, mood, and everyday experience.\r\n\r\nThe discovery of receptors in the brain that respond pharmacologically to cannabis—and the subsequent identification of endogenous cannabinoid compounds in our own bodies that bind to these receptors—has significantly advanced our understanding of human biology, health, and disease.\r\n\r\nIt is an established scientific fact that cannabinoids and other components of cannabis can modulate many physiological systems in the human brain and body. Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that trigger cannabinoid (and other) receptors. More than 100 cannabinoids have been identified in the <a title=\"Synthetic vs. Whole Plant CBD\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/synthetic-vs-whole-plant-cbd\">marijuana plant</a>. Of these marijuana molecules, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/what-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol (CBD)</a> have been studied most extensively. In addition to cannabinoids produced by the plant, there are endogenous cannabinoids (such as anandamide and 2AG) that occur naturally in the mammalian brain and body, as well as synthetic cannabinoids created by pharmaceutical researchers.\r\n\r\nExtensive preclinical research—much of it sponsored by the U.S. government—indicates that CBD has potent anti-tumoral, antioxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-psychotic, anti-convulsive, and neuroprotective properties. CBD directly activates serotonin receptors, causing an anti-depressant effect, as well.\r\n\r\nIn recent years, scientists associated with the <a href=\"http://www.icrs.co/\" target=\"_blank\">International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS)</a> have elucidated a number of molecular pathways through which CBD exerts a therapeutic impact. For example, a preclinical study by Dr. Sean McAllister and his colleagues at the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco report on how <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025276\" target=\"_blank\">CBD destroys breast cancer</a> cells by down-regulating a gene called ID-1, which is implicated in several types of aggressive cancer. Silencing the ID-1 gene is, thus, is a potential strategy for cancer treatment.\r\n\r\n“Cannabidiol offers hope of a <a title=\"What Type of Cannabis Therapy Is Best for You?\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/what-type-cannabis-therapy-best-you\">non-toxic therapy</a> that could treat aggressive forms of cancer without any of the painful side effects of chemotherapy,” says McAllister.\r\n\r\n<em><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4639 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/cbd-breast-cancer.jpg.pagespeed.ce_.ouVIg7LhXJ.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"132\" /></em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>The images above are from an experiment by McAllister testing how CBD can stop the invasion of cancer cells in human cell lines. Compare the untreated breast cancer cells on the left to the breast cancer cells destroyed by CBD on the right. Photo credit: The California Pacific Medical Center</em>\r\n<h3>CBD and THC Synergy</h3>\r\nAccording to McAllister’s lab, the best results were obtained when CBD was administered along with THC. Several studies underscore the therapeutic advantages for combining CBD and THC—particularly for treating <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18728714\" target=\"_blank\">peripheral neuropathy</a>, a painful condition associated with cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, arthritis, and other neurodegenerative ailments. Clinical research conducted by with GW Pharmaceuticals, a British company, has also shown that CBD is most effective as an analgesic when administered in combination with whole plant THC.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/endocannabinoid-system\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Endocannabinoid System', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4619-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:20:41', '2017-05-17 21:20:41', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/4619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4641, 96, '2017-05-17 21:22:06', '2017-05-17 21:22:06', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">The Endocannabinoid System</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-425\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\">\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4637 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.rHAQ4kY9_R.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Cannabis has been at the center of one of the most exciting—and underreported—developments in modern science. Research on marijuana’s effects led directly to the discovery of a hitherto unknown biochemical communication system in the human body, the Endocannabinoid System, which plays a crucial role in regulating our physiology, mood, and everyday experience.\r\n\r\nThe discovery of receptors in the brain that respond pharmacologically to cannabis—and the subsequent identification of endogenous cannabinoid compounds in our own bodies that bind to these receptors—has significantly advanced our understanding of human biology, health, and disease.\r\n\r\nIt is an established scientific fact that cannabinoids and other components of cannabis can modulate many physiological systems in the human brain and body. Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that trigger cannabinoid (and other) receptors. More than 100 cannabinoids have been identified in the <a title=\"Synthetic vs. Whole Plant CBD\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/synthetic-vs-whole-plant-cbd\">marijuana plant</a>. Of these marijuana molecules, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/what-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol (CBD)</a> have been studied most extensively. In addition to cannabinoids produced by the plant, there are endogenous cannabinoids (such as anandamide and 2AG) that occur naturally in the mammalian brain and body, as well as synthetic cannabinoids created by pharmaceutical researchers.\r\n\r\nExtensive preclinical research—much of it sponsored by the U.S. government—indicates that CBD has potent anti-tumoral, antioxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-psychotic, anti-convulsive, and neuroprotective properties. CBD directly activates serotonin receptors, causing an anti-depressant effect, as well.\r\n\r\nIn recent years, scientists associated with the <a href=\"http://www.icrs.co/\" target=\"_blank\">International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS)</a> have elucidated a number of molecular pathways through which CBD exerts a therapeutic impact. For example, a preclinical study by Dr. Sean McAllister and his colleagues at the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco report on how <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025276\" target=\"_blank\">CBD destroys breast cancer</a> cells by down-regulating a gene called ID-1, which is implicated in several types of aggressive cancer. Silencing the ID-1 gene is, thus, is a potential strategy for cancer treatment.\r\n\r\n“Cannabidiol offers hope of a <a title=\"What Type of Cannabis Therapy Is Best for You?\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/what-type-cannabis-therapy-best-you\">non-toxic therapy</a> that could treat aggressive forms of cancer without any of the painful side effects of chemotherapy,” says McAllister.\r\n\r\n<em><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4639 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/cbd-breast-cancer.jpg.pagespeed.ce_.ouVIg7LhXJ.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"132\" /></em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>The images above are from an experiment by McAllister testing how CBD can stop the invasion of cancer cells in human cell lines. Compare the untreated breast cancer cells on the left to the breast cancer cells destroyed by CBD on the right. Photo credit: The California Pacific Medical Center</em>\r\n<h3>CBD and THC Synergy</h3>\r\nAccording to McAllister’s lab, the best results were obtained when CBD was administered along with THC. Several studies underscore the therapeutic advantages for combining CBD and THC—particularly for treating <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18728714\" target=\"_blank\">peripheral neuropathy</a>, a painful condition associated with cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, arthritis, and other neurodegenerative ailments. Clinical research conducted by with GW Pharmaceuticals, a British company, has also shown that CBD is most effective as an analgesic when administered in combination with whole plant THC.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/endocannabinoid-system\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Endocannabinoid System', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4619-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:22:06', '2017-05-17 21:22:06', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/4619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4642, 96, '2017-05-17 21:23:09', '2017-05-17 21:23:09', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">The Endocannabinoid System</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-425\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\">\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4637 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xendocannabinoid-system-and-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.rHAQ4kY9_R.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Cannabis has been at the center of one of the most exciting—and underreported—developments in modern science. Research on marijuana’s effects led directly to the discovery of a hitherto unknown biochemical communication system in the human body, the Endocannabinoid System, which plays a crucial role in regulating our physiology, mood, and everyday experience.\r\n\r\nThe discovery of receptors in the brain that respond pharmacologically to cannabis—and the subsequent identification of endogenous cannabinoid compounds in our own bodies that bind to these receptors—has significantly advanced our understanding of human biology, health, and disease.\r\n\r\nIt is an established scientific fact that cannabinoids and other components of cannabis can modulate many physiological systems in the human brain and body. Cannabinoids are chemical compounds that trigger cannabinoid (and other) receptors. More than 100 cannabinoids have been identified in the <a title=\"Synthetic vs. Whole Plant CBD\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/synthetic-vs-whole-plant-cbd\">marijuana plant</a>. Of these marijuana molecules, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/what-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">cannabidiol (CBD)</a> have been studied most extensively. In addition to cannabinoids produced by the plant, there are endogenous cannabinoids (such as anandamide and 2AG) that occur naturally in the mammalian brain and body, as well as synthetic cannabinoids created by pharmaceutical researchers.\r\n\r\nExtensive preclinical research—much of it sponsored by the U.S. government—indicates that CBD has potent anti-tumoral, antioxidant, anti-spasmodic, anti-psychotic, anti-convulsive, and neuroprotective properties. CBD directly activates serotonin receptors, causing an anti-depressant effect, as well.\r\n\r\nIn recent years, scientists associated with the <a href=\"http://www.icrs.co/\" target=\"_blank\">International Cannabinoid Research Society (ICRS)</a> have elucidated a number of molecular pathways through which CBD exerts a therapeutic impact. For example, a preclinical study by Dr. Sean McAllister and his colleagues at the California Pacific Medical Center in San Francisco report on how <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18025276\" target=\"_blank\">CBD destroys breast cancer</a> cells by down-regulating a gene called ID-1, which is implicated in several types of aggressive cancer. Silencing the ID-1 gene is, thus, is a potential strategy for cancer treatment.\r\n\r\n“Cannabidiol offers hope of a <a title=\"What Type of Cannabis Therapy Is Best for You?\" href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/content/what-type-cannabis-therapy-best-you\">non-toxic therapy</a> that could treat aggressive forms of cancer without any of the painful side effects of chemotherapy,” says McAllister.\r\n\r\n<em><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4639 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/cbd-breast-cancer.jpg.pagespeed.ce_.ouVIg7LhXJ.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"132\" /></em>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<em>The images above are from an experiment by McAllister testing how CBD can stop the invasion of cancer cells in human cell lines. Compare the untreated breast cancer cells on the left to the breast cancer cells destroyed by CBD on the right. Photo credit: The California Pacific Medical Center</em>\r\n<h3>CBD and THC Synergy</h3>\r\nAccording to McAllister’s lab, the best results were obtained when CBD was administered along with THC. Several studies underscore the therapeutic advantages for combining CBD and THC—particularly for treating <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18728714\" target=\"_blank\">peripheral neuropathy</a>, a painful condition associated with cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, arthritis, and other neurodegenerative ailments. Clinical research conducted by with GW Pharmaceuticals, a British company, has also shown that CBD is most effective as an analgesic when administered in combination with whole plant THC.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/endocannabinoid-system\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Endocannabinoid System', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4619-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:23:09', '2017-05-17 21:23:09', '', 4619, 'http://swerve.fyi/4619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4643, 96, '2017-05-17 21:25:31', '2017-05-17 21:25:31', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Terpenes and the \"Entourage Effect\"</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4634 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xentourage-effect.png.pagespeed.ic_.z2p9H84uW6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Most animal studies with cannabidiol utilize synthetic, single-molecule CBD produced by biochemical laboratories for research purposes. In contrast, whole plant extractions typically include CBD, THC, and more than 400 trace compounds. Many of these compounds interact synergistically to create what scientists refer to as an “entourage effect” that magnifies the therapeutic benefits of the plant’s individual components—so that the medicinal impact of the whole plant is greater than the sum of its parts.\r\n\r\nIt is important to consider the entourage effect (or lack thereof) when extrapolating data based on animal studies: 100 milligrams of synthetic single-molecule CBD is not equivalent to 100 milligrams of a CBD-rich whole plant cannabis extract.\r\n\r\n“Cannabis is inherently polypharmaceutical,” Dr. John McPartland notes, “and synergy arises from interactions between its multiple components.”\r\n<h2>Terpenes</h2>\r\nConsider the role of terpenes, for example. Terpenes are volatile aromatic molecules that evaporate easily and readily announce themselves to the nose. Various researchers have emphasized the pharmacological importance of terpenes, or terpenoids, which form the basis of aromatherapy, a popular holistic healing modality. Marijuana’s compelling fragrance and particular psychoactive flavor are determined by the predominate terpenes in a strain.\r\n\r\nAround 200 terpenes have been found in cannabis, but only a few of these odiferous oily substances appear in amounts substantial enough to be noteworthy, or nose worthy, as it were. Among them are monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, which are characterized by the number of repeating units of a 5-carbon molecule called isoprene, the structural hallmark of all terpenoid compounds. The terpenes in marijuana have given the plant an enduring, evolutionary advantage. Pungent terpenoid oils repel insects and animal grazers; others prevent fungus.\r\n\r\nTerpenes, it turns out, are healthy for people as well as plants. A September 2011 <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3165946/\" target=\"_blank\">report by Dr. Ethan Russo</a> in the <em>British Journal of Pharmacology</em> discussed the wide-ranging therapeutic attributes of terpenoids, which are typically lacking in “CBD-only” products.\r\n\r\n<em>Beta-caryophyllene</em>, for example, is a sesquiterpene found in the essential oil of black pepper, oregano, and other edible herbs, as well as in various cannabis strains and in many green, leafy vegetables. It is gastro-protective, good for treating certain ulcers, and offers great promise as a therapeutic compound for inflammatory conditions and auto-immune disorders because it binds directly to the peripheral cannabinoid receptor known as “CB2.”\r\n\r\nIn 2008, the Swiss scientist Jürg Gertsch documented beta-caryophyllene’s binding affinity for the CB2 receptor and described it as “a dietary cannabinoid.” It is the only terpenoid known to directly activate a cannabinoid receptor. And it’s one of the reasons why green, leafy vegetables are so healthy to eat.\r\n\r\nTerpenoids and cannabinoids both increase blood flow, enhance cortical activity, and kill respiratory pathogens, including <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/9/Antibiotic-resistance\">MRSA</a>, the antibiotic-resistant bacteria that in recent years has claimed the lives of tens of thousands of Americans. Dr. Russo’s article reports that cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions “could produce synergy with respect to treatment of <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/37/Neuropathic-pain\">pain</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/26/Inflammation\">inflammation</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/18/Depression\">depression</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/10/Anxiety\">anxiety</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/4/Addiction\">addiction</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/21/Epilepsy/seizure\">epilepsy</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/16/Cancer\">cancer</a>, fungal and bacterial infections.”\r\n\r\nMarijuana’s bouquet of terpenes—that “riot of perfumes,” as the poet (and hashish-eater) Arthur Rimbaud once said—plays another important role. Terpenes and CBD buffer THC’s tricky psychoactivity. Cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions amplify the beneficial effects of cannabis while mitigating THC-induced anxiety.\r\n\r\nThe terpenoid profile can vary considerably from strain to strain. Patients who abandon a suitable strain for one with higher THC and/or CBD content may not get more relief if the terpenoid profile is significantly different. The nose knows: Choose a cannabis strain that smells good to you.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/terpenes-and-entourage-effect\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Entourage Effect', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4623-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-17 21:25:31', '2017-05-17 21:25:31', '', 4623, 'http://swerve.fyi/4623-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4644, 96, '2017-05-18 12:48:56', '2017-05-18 12:48:56', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\">[spacer height=\"7px\"]<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Medical Marijuana Dosing</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" /></h2>\r\n<h2>Personalized Medicine</h2>\r\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”  Finding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\r\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\r\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\r\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\r\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\r\n\r\nDosage Guidelines\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. They provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<strong>Disclaimer:</strong> The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Marijuana Dosing', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', 'marijuana-dosing', '', '', '2017-05-25 19:49:02', '2017-05-25 19:49:02', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?page_id=4644', 0, 'page', '', 0),
(4645, 96, '2017-05-18 12:48:56', '2017-05-18 12:48:56', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Terpenes and the \"Entourage Effect\"</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"size-full wp-image-4634 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xentourage-effect.png.pagespeed.ic_.z2p9H84uW6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Most animal studies with cannabidiol utilize synthetic, single-molecule CBD produced by biochemical laboratories for research purposes. In contrast, whole plant extractions typically include CBD, THC, and more than 400 trace compounds. Many of these compounds interact synergistically to create what scientists refer to as an “entourage effect” that magnifies the therapeutic benefits of the plant’s individual components—so that the medicinal impact of the whole plant is greater than the sum of its parts.\r\n\r\nIt is important to consider the entourage effect (or lack thereof) when extrapolating data based on animal studies: 100 milligrams of synthetic single-molecule CBD is not equivalent to 100 milligrams of a CBD-rich whole plant cannabis extract.\r\n\r\n“Cannabis is inherently polypharmaceutical,” Dr. John McPartland notes, “and synergy arises from interactions between its multiple components.”\r\n<h2>Terpenes</h2>\r\nConsider the role of terpenes, for example. Terpenes are volatile aromatic molecules that evaporate easily and readily announce themselves to the nose. Various researchers have emphasized the pharmacological importance of terpenes, or terpenoids, which form the basis of aromatherapy, a popular holistic healing modality. Marijuana’s compelling fragrance and particular psychoactive flavor are determined by the predominate terpenes in a strain.\r\n\r\nAround 200 terpenes have been found in cannabis, but only a few of these odiferous oily substances appear in amounts substantial enough to be noteworthy, or nose worthy, as it were. Among them are monoterpenes, diterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, which are characterized by the number of repeating units of a 5-carbon molecule called isoprene, the structural hallmark of all terpenoid compounds. The terpenes in marijuana have given the plant an enduring, evolutionary advantage. Pungent terpenoid oils repel insects and animal grazers; others prevent fungus.\r\n\r\nTerpenes, it turns out, are healthy for people as well as plants. A September 2011 <a href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3165946/\" target=\"_blank\">report by Dr. Ethan Russo</a> in the <em>British Journal of Pharmacology</em> discussed the wide-ranging therapeutic attributes of terpenoids, which are typically lacking in “CBD-only” products.\r\n\r\n<em>Beta-caryophyllene</em>, for example, is a sesquiterpene found in the essential oil of black pepper, oregano, and other edible herbs, as well as in various cannabis strains and in many green, leafy vegetables. It is gastro-protective, good for treating certain ulcers, and offers great promise as a therapeutic compound for inflammatory conditions and auto-immune disorders because it binds directly to the peripheral cannabinoid receptor known as “CB2.”\r\n\r\nIn 2008, the Swiss scientist Jürg Gertsch documented beta-caryophyllene’s binding affinity for the CB2 receptor and described it as “a dietary cannabinoid.” It is the only terpenoid known to directly activate a cannabinoid receptor. And it’s one of the reasons why green, leafy vegetables are so healthy to eat.\r\n\r\nTerpenoids and cannabinoids both increase blood flow, enhance cortical activity, and kill respiratory pathogens, including <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/9/Antibiotic-resistance\">MRSA</a>, the antibiotic-resistant bacteria that in recent years has claimed the lives of tens of thousands of Americans. Dr. Russo’s article reports that cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions “could produce synergy with respect to treatment of <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/37/Neuropathic-pain\">pain</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/26/Inflammation\">inflammation</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/18/Depression\">depression</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/10/Anxiety\">anxiety</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/4/Addiction\">addiction</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/21/Epilepsy/seizure\">epilepsy</a>, <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/condition/16/Cancer\">cancer</a>, fungal and bacterial infections.”\r\n\r\nMarijuana’s bouquet of terpenes—that “riot of perfumes,” as the poet (and hashish-eater) Arthur Rimbaud once said—plays another important role. Terpenes and CBD buffer THC’s tricky psychoactivity. Cannabinoid-terpenoid interactions amplify the beneficial effects of cannabis while mitigating THC-induced anxiety.\r\n\r\nThe terpenoid profile can vary considerably from strain to strain. Patients who abandon a suitable strain for one with higher THC and/or CBD content may not get more relief if the terpenoid profile is significantly different. The nose knows: Choose a cannabis strain that smells good to you.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/terpenes-and-entourage-effect\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material on this website is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Marijuana Dosing', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4644-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 12:48:56', '2017-05-18 12:48:56', '', 4644, 'http://swerve.fyi/4644-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4646, 96, '2017-05-18 12:52:49', '2017-05-18 12:52:49', '', 'Guidance', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', 'guidance', '', '', '2017-05-25 15:16:01', '2017-05-25 15:16:01', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?p=4646', 5, 'nav_menu_item', '', 0),
(4647, 96, '2017-05-18 12:52:49', '2017-05-18 12:52:49', ' ', '', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4647', '', '', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?p=4647', 7, 'nav_menu_item', '', 0),
(4648, 96, '2017-05-18 12:52:49', '2017-05-18 12:52:49', ' ', '', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4648', '', '', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?p=4648', 6, 'nav_menu_item', '', 0),
(4649, 96, '2017-05-18 13:24:22', '2017-05-18 13:24:22', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\n\n<hr />\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Medical Marijuana Dosing</span></strong></p>\n\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Personalized Medicine</h2>\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”  Finding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\n\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\n\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\n\nDosage Guidelines\n<ul>\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\n</ul>\n&nbsp;\n\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n</article></section></div>\n\n<hr />\n\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\n\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\n\n<hr />\n\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\n\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Marijuana Dosing', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4644-autosave-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:24:22', '2017-05-18 13:24:22', '', 4644, 'http://swerve.fyi/4644-autosave-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
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INSERT INTO `wp_posts` (`ID`, `post_author`, `post_date`, `post_date_gmt`, `post_content`, `post_title`, `post_excerpt`, `post_status`, `comment_status`, `ping_status`, `post_password`, `post_name`, `to_ping`, `pinged`, `post_modified`, `post_modified_gmt`, `post_content_filtered`, `post_parent`, `guid`, `menu_order`, `post_type`, `post_mime_type`, `comment_count`) VALUES
(4651, 96, '2017-05-18 13:07:43', '2017-05-18 13:07:43', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Dosing</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Personalized Medicine</h2>\r\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”\r\n\r\nFinding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\r\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\r\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\r\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\r\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\r\n\r\nDosage Guidelines\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\r\n 	<li></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Marijuana Dosing', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4644-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:07:43', '2017-05-18 13:07:43', '', 4644, 'http://swerve.fyi/4644-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4652, 96, '2017-05-18 13:13:55', '2017-05-18 13:13:55', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Medical Marijuana Dosing</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Personalized Medicine</h2>\r\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”\r\n\r\nFinding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\r\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\r\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\r\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\r\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\r\n\r\nDosage Guidelines\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Marijuana Dosing', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4644-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:13:55', '2017-05-18 13:13:55', '', 4644, 'http://swerve.fyi/4644-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4653, 96, '2017-05-18 13:17:20', '2017-05-18 13:17:20', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">[spacer height=\"7px\"]Dosing Amounts</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n\r\n<img class=\"alignleft wp-image-4663 size-full\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xwhat-kind-of-cannabis.png.pagespeed.ic_.tbseSyZcPe.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Daily Amounts Fact Sheet ~ Health Canada</span></strong>\r\n\r\nWhen considering the use of cannabis for medical purposes, it is understandable that patients and healthcare practitioners may have questions regarding dosage and daily amounts of cannabis for specific medical conditions. The following information has been prepared to provide patients and healthcare practitioners with information related to daily amounts and dosing. The information provided in this fact sheet should be used in combination with the Consumer Information Insert that accompanies each shipment of marijuana for medical purposes.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Onset, Peak, and Duration of Effects</span></h2>\r\nWith inhalation (smoking, vaporizing), effects may be felt within a few minutes of dosing and will generally peak within 30 mins.<sup><a id=\"fnb1-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb1\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>1</a></sup> Acute effects generally last between 2 and 4 hours but may be longer (e.g. 24 hours).<sup><a id=\"fnb2-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb2\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>2</a></sup>\r\n\r\nWith oral ingestion (e.g. oils, foods, capsules), acute effects may begin to be felt as quickly as 30 mins and as late as 3 or 4 hours after administration.<sup><a id=\"fnb3-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb3\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>3</a></sup> This variability in timing depends on a number of factors (e.g. amount of food in stomach). It is prudent to wait a minimum of 2 hours between administration of single doses of oral products to avoid possible overdosing.<sup><a id=\"fnb4-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb4\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>4</a></sup> Acute effects generally peak between 3 and 4 hours after dosing and can last up to 8 hours or longer e.g. 12–24 hours).<sup><a id=\"fnb5-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb5\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>5</a></sup>\r\n\r\nWith topical application, it is not known how long it takes for potential therapeutic effects to appear, nor how long they last. There have been reports of hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. rashes, itching) when skin has come into contact with cannabis.<sup><a id=\"fnb6-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb6\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>6</a></sup>\r\n\r\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dosing Amounts</span></strong>\r\n\r\nInformation obtained from a limited number of small and short-term clinical studies of cannabis for medical purposes indicate the daily doses of smoked or vapourized dried cannabis ranged from as little as 75 mg of dried cannabis 9.4% THC by weight) (i.e. 7 mg THC/day) to a maximum of 3.2 grams of dried cannabis (1–8% THC by weight; i.e. 32 to 256 mg THC).<sup><a id=\"fnb7-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb7\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>7</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb8-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb8\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>8</a></sup>\r\n\r\nDoses of THC as low as 2.5–3 mg of THC (and even lower) are associated with a therapeutic benefit and minimal psychoactivity. <sup><a id=\"fnb9-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb9\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>9</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb10-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb10\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>10</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb11-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb11\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>11</a></sup>\r\n\r\nVarious surveys published in the peer-reviewed scientific and medical literature have suggested that the majority of people using smoked <strong>or</strong> orally ingested cannabis for medical purposes reported using between 10–20 grams of cannabis per week, or approximately 1–3 grams of dried cannabis per day. <sup><a id=\"fnb12-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb12\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>12</a></sup>\r\n\r\nOne study reported the average daily dose of dried cannabis (of various potencies) used by patients in the Netherlands’ Medical Cannabis program was 0.68 grams per day (range: 0.65 –0.82 grams per day).<sup><a id=\"fnb13-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb13\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>13</a></sup>\r\n\r\nAnother study suggests that regardless of route of administration (inhalation vs. oral), individuals reporting use of cannabis for medical purposes reported consuming equivalent amounts of cannabis per day and that amount averaged at around 3 grams per day. <sup><a id=\"fnb14-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb14\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>14</a></sup>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>For smoking and vapourizing, the median reported dose was 1.5–2.0 grams per day respectively.</li>\r\n 	<li>For edibles, the median reported dose was 1.5 grams per day.</li>\r\n 	<li>For teas, the median reported dose was 1.5 grams per day.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nThere is no information available on dosing amounts for topically applied cannabis products (e.g. ointments, creams, lotions, oils, balms, salves), however one study suggests approximately 5% of individuals who use marijuana for medical purposes use such products.<sup><a id=\"fnb15-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb15\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>15</a></sup>\r\n\r\nThere is no information available on dosing amounts for fresh marijuana.\r\n\r\nIn the absence of any clinical studies conducted with cannabis products, such as oils that are ingested orally, the following information has been provided as a reference to give some potential guidance around dosing.\r\n\r\nFor products such as oils that are ingested orally\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>The available clinical evidence for Marinol<sup>®</sup>, an orally administered capsule that has received market authorization and that contains synthetic THC dissolved in sesame oil, indicates a dosing range from as low as 2.5 mg THC per day to a maximum dose of 210 mg THC per day.<sup><a id=\"fnb16-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb16\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>16</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb17-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb17\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>17</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb18-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb18\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>18</a></sup> Doses lower than 2.5 mg (e.g. 1 mg) THC may further avoid incidence and risks of adverse effects.</li>\r\n 	<li>Average dose of Marinol<sup>®</sup> is 20 mg THC per day.<sup><a id=\"fnb19-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb19\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>19</a></sup></li>\r\n 	<li>Maximal recommended daily oral dose of Marinol<sup>®</sup> is 40 mg per day.<sup><a id=\"fnb20-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb20\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>20</a></sup>, <sup><a id=\"fnb21-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb21\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>21</a></sup></li>\r\n 	<li>Preliminary information from an open-label clinical trial with Epidiolex<sup>®</sup> (an orally administered oil extract containing mainly cannabidiol (CBD) for treatment of certain types of childhood epilepsy not responsive to conventional treatment), suggests a daily dosing range between 5 and 20 mg/kg CBD.<sup><a id=\"fnb22-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb22\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>22</a></sup> However, further clinical studies are required to substantiate this information.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[spacer height=\"10px\"]The information above can be found on the <a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php\" target=\"_blank\">Health Canada</a> website.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Dosing Amounts', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', 'dosing-amounts', '', '', '2017-05-25 19:50:02', '2017-05-25 19:50:02', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?page_id=4653', 0, 'page', '', 0),
(4654, 96, '2017-05-18 13:17:20', '2017-05-18 13:17:20', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Medical Marijuana Dosing</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Personalized Medicine</h2>\r\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”\r\n\r\nFinding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\r\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\r\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\r\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\r\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\r\n\r\nDosage Guidelines\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Dosing Amounts', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4653-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:17:20', '2017-05-18 13:17:20', '', 4653, 'http://swerve.fyi/4653-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4655, 96, '2017-05-18 13:18:11', '2017-05-18 13:18:11', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Dosing Amounts\r\n</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Personalized Medicine</h2>\r\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”\r\n\r\nFinding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\r\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\r\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\r\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\r\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\r\n\r\nDosage Guidelines\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Dosing Amounts', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4653-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:18:11', '2017-05-18 13:18:11', '', 4653, 'http://swerve.fyi/4653-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4656, 96, '2017-05-18 13:18:52', '2017-05-18 13:18:52', ' ', '', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4656', '', '', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '2017-05-25 15:16:02', '', 0, 'http://swerve.fyi/?p=4656', 8, 'nav_menu_item', '', 0),
(4657, 96, '2017-05-18 13:22:51', '2017-05-18 13:22:51', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Medical Marijuana Dosing</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Personalized Medicine</h2>\r\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”\r\n\r\nFinding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\r\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\r\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\r\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\r\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\r\n\r\nDosage Guidelines\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Marijuana Dosing', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4644-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:22:51', '2017-05-18 13:22:51', '', 4644, 'http://swerve.fyi/4644-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` (`ID`, `post_author`, `post_date`, `post_date_gmt`, `post_content`, `post_title`, `post_excerpt`, `post_status`, `comment_status`, `ping_status`, `post_password`, `post_name`, `to_ping`, `pinged`, `post_modified`, `post_modified_gmt`, `post_content_filtered`, `post_parent`, `guid`, `menu_order`, `post_type`, `post_mime_type`, `comment_count`) VALUES
(4658, 96, '2017-05-18 13:24:44', '2017-05-18 13:24:44', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\">[spacer height=\"20px\"]</p>\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Medical Marijuana Dosing</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />Personalized Medicine</h2>\r\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”  Finding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\r\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\r\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\r\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\r\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\r\n\r\nDosage Guidelines\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Marijuana Dosing', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4644-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:24:44', '2017-05-18 13:24:44', '', 4644, 'http://swerve.fyi/4644-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4659, 96, '2017-05-18 13:26:05', '2017-05-18 13:26:05', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\">[spacer height=\"10px\"]</p>\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Medical Marijuana Dosing</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" /></h2>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<h2>Personalized Medicine</h2>\r\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”  Finding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\r\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\r\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\r\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\r\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\r\n\r\nDosage Guidelines\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Marijuana Dosing', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4644-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:26:05', '2017-05-18 13:26:05', '', 4644, 'http://swerve.fyi/4644-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4660, 96, '2017-05-18 13:27:16', '2017-05-18 13:27:16', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\">[spacer height=\"7px\"]<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Medical Marijuana Dosing</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" /></h2>\r\n<h2>Personalized Medicine</h2>\r\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”  Finding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\r\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\r\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\r\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\r\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\r\n\r\nDosage Guidelines\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. We provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Marijuana Dosing', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4644-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:27:16', '2017-05-18 13:27:16', '', 4644, 'http://swerve.fyi/4644-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4661, 96, '2017-05-18 13:28:31', '2017-05-18 13:28:31', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\">[spacer height=\"7px\"]<strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Medical Marijuana Dosing</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4650 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xcannabis-dosing-cbd.png.pagespeed.ic_.EN7lEA8ZTs.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" /></h2>\r\n<h2>Personalized Medicine</h2>\r\nCannabis therapeutics is personalized medicine. The right treatment regimen depends on the person and condition being treated. For maximum therapeutic benefit, choose cannabis products that include both cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating compound, and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive component of cannabis. <strong>CBD</strong> and <strong>THC</strong> interact to enhance each other’s therapeutic effects. They work best together. A patient’s sensitivity to THC is a key factor to determining the ratio and dosage of CBD-rich medicine. Many people enjoy the cannabis high and can consume reasonable doses of any cannabis product without feeling too high or dysphoric. Others find THC unpleasant. CBD can lessen or neutralize the intoxicating effects of THC. So a greater ratio of CBD-to-THC means less of a “high.”  Finding your ratio is the first step to effective treatment.\r\n<h2>Find Your Ratio!</h2>\r\nFor anxiety, depression, spasms, and pediatric seizure disorders, many patients initially find they do best with a moderate dose of a CBD-dominant remedy (a CBD:THC ratio of more than 10:1). But a low THC remedy, while not intoxicating, is not necessarily the best therapeutic option. A combination of CBD and THC will likely have a greater therapeutic effect for a wider range of conditions than CBD or THC alone. For cancer, neurological disease, and many other ailments, patients may benefit from a balanced ratio of CBD and THC. Extensive clinical research has shown that a 1:1 CBD:THC ratio is effective for neuropathic pain. Optimizing one’s therapeutic use of cannabis may entail a careful, step-by-step process, whereby a patient starts with small doses of a non-intoxicating CBD-rich remedy, observes the results, and gradually increases the amount of THC.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>In essence, the goal is to self-administer consistent, measurable doses of a CBD-rich remedy that includes as much THC as a person is comfortable with.</em></strong>\r\n<h2>The Biphasic Effect</h2>\r\nCannabis compounds have biphasic properties, which means that low and high doses of the same substance can produce opposite effects. Small doses of cannabis tend to stimulate; large doses sedate. Too much THC, while not lethal, can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. CBD has no known adverse side effects at any dose, but drug interactions can be problematic. An excessive amount of CBD could be less effective therapeutically than a moderate dose. “Less is more” is often the case with respect to cannabis therapy.\r\n\r\n<strong><em>“Dosage is everything”—Paracelsus</em></strong>\r\n\r\nDosage Guidelines\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li><strong>Decide how you want to take cannabis.</strong> Cannabis oil is available in sprays, capsules, edibles and other products.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Find your ratio.</strong> Cannabis products have varying amounts of CBD and THC. A high CBD or high THC product is not necessarily superior to a strain with a balanced ratio. Find the proper combination to optimize your therapeutic use of cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Begin with a low dose </strong>especially if you have little or no experience with cannabis.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Take a few small doses</strong> over the course of the day rather than one big dose<strong><em>.</em></strong></li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Use the same dose and ratio for several days.</strong> Observe the effects and if necessary adjust the ratio or amount.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Don’t overdo it<em>.</em></strong> “Less is more” is often the case with cannabis therapeutics.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Be aware of possible side effects<em>.</em></strong> Cannabis is a safe and forgiving medicine. Depending upon delivery method and individual tolerance, it can amplify anxiety and mood disorders. Other possible side effects are dry mouth, dizziness and faintness.</li>\r\n 	<li><strong>Consult your health counselor</strong>. Proceed cautiously, especially if you have a history of alcohol or drug abuse, mental illness, or are pregnant or breastfeeding.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/cannabis-dosing\" target=\"_blank\">The above material was provided by Project CBD</a>.  Project CBD is a California-based nonprofit dedicated to promoting and publicizing research into the medical uses of cannabidiol (CBD) and other components of the cannabis plant. They provide educational services for physicians, patients, industry professionals, and the general public.\r\n\r\nFor more information on this organization, please visit the website <a href=\"https://www.projectcbd.org/about-project-cbd\" target=\"_blank\">ProjectCBD.Org </a>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Marijuana Dosing', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4644-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:28:31', '2017-05-18 13:28:31', '', 4644, 'http://swerve.fyi/4644-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4662, 96, '2017-05-18 14:57:01', '2017-05-18 14:57:01', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">[spacer height=\"7px\"]Dosing Amounts</span></strong></p>\n\n\n<hr />\n\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\n<div class=\"field-items\">\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\n\n<img class=\"alignleft wp-image-4663 size-full\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xwhat-kind-of-cannabis.png.pagespeed.ic_.tbseSyZcPe.jpg\" alt=\"Project CBD\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" />\n\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Daily Amounts Fact Sheet ~ Health Canada</span></strong>\n\nWhen considering the use of cannabis for medical purposes, it is understandable that patients and healthcare practitioners may have questions regarding dosage and daily amounts of cannabis for specific medical conditions. The following information has been prepared to provide patients and healthcare practitioners with information related to daily amounts and dosing. The information provided in this fact sheet should be used in combination with the Consumer Information Insert that accompanies each shipment of marijuana for medical purposes.\n\n&nbsp;\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Onset, Peak, and Duration of Effects</span></h2>\nWith inhalation (smoking, vaporizing), effects may be felt within a few minutes of dosing and will generally peak within 30 mins.<sup><a id=\"fnb1-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb1\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>1</a></sup> Acute effects generally last between 2 and 4 hours but may be longer (e.g. 24 hours).<sup><a id=\"fnb2-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb2\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>2</a></sup>\n\nWith oral ingestion (e.g. oils, foods, capsules), acute effects may begin to be felt as quickly as 30 mins and as late as 3 or 4 hours after administration.<sup><a id=\"fnb3-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb3\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>3</a></sup> This variability in timing depends on a number of factors (e.g. amount of food in stomach). It is prudent to wait a minimum of 2 hours between administration of single doses of oral products to avoid possible overdosing.<sup><a id=\"fnb4-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb4\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>4</a></sup> Acute effects generally peak between 3 and 4 hours after dosing and can last up to 8 hours or longer e.g. 12–24 hours).<sup><a id=\"fnb5-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb5\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>5</a></sup>\n\nWith topical application, it is not known how long it takes for potential therapeutic effects to appear, nor how long they last. There have been reports of hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. rashes, itching) when skin has come into contact with cannabis.<sup><a id=\"fnb6-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb6\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>6</a></sup>\n\n<strong><span style=\"font-size: 20px;\">Dosing Amounts</span></strong>\n\nInformation obtained from a limited number of small and short-term clinical studies of cannabis for medical purposes indicate the daily doses of smoked or vapourized dried cannabis ranged from as little as 75 mg of dried cannabis 9.4% THC by weight) (i.e. 7 mg THC/day) to a maximum of 3.2 grams of dried cannabis (1–8% THC by weight; i.e. 32 to 256 mg THC).<sup><a id=\"fnb7-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb7\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>7</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb8-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb8\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>8</a></sup>\n\nDoses of THC as low as 2.5–3 mg of THC (and even lower) are associated with a therapeutic benefit and minimal psychoactivity. <sup><a id=\"fnb9-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb9\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>9</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb10-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb10\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>10</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb11-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb11\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>11</a></sup>\n\nVarious surveys published in the peer-reviewed scientific and medical literature have suggested that the majority of people using smoked <strong>or</strong> orally ingested cannabis for medical purposes reported using between 10–20 grams of cannabis per week, or approximately 1–3 grams of dried cannabis per day. <sup><a id=\"fnb12-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb12\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>12</a></sup>\n\nOne study reported the average daily dose of dried cannabis (of various potencies) used by patients in the Netherlands’ Medical Cannabis program was 0.68 grams per day (range: 0.65 –0.82 grams per day).<sup><a id=\"fnb13-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb13\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>13</a></sup>\n\nAnother study suggests that regardless of route of administration (inhalation vs. oral), individuals reporting use of cannabis for medical purposes reported consuming equivalent amounts of cannabis per day and that amount averaged at around 3 grams per day. <sup><a id=\"fnb14-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb14\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>14</a></sup>\n<ul>\n 	<li>For smoking and vapourizing, the median reported dose was 1.5–2.0 grams per day respectively.</li>\n 	<li>For edibles, the median reported dose was 1.5 grams per day.</li>\n 	<li>For teas, the median reported dose was 1.5 grams per day.</li>\n</ul>\nThere is no information available on dosing amounts for topically applied cannabis products (e.g. ointments, creams, lotions, oils, balms, salves), however one study suggests approximately 5% of individuals who use marijuana for medical purposes use such products.<sup><a id=\"fnb15-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb15\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>15</a></sup>\n\nThere is no information available on dosing amounts for fresh marijuana.\n\nIn the absence of any clinical studies conducted with cannabis products, such as oils that are ingested orally, the following information has been provided as a reference to give some potential guidance around dosing.\n\nFor products such as oils that are ingested orally\n<ul>\n 	<li>The available clinical evidence for Marinol<sup>®</sup>, an orally administered capsule that has received market authorization and that contains synthetic THC dissolved in sesame oil, indicates a dosing range from as low as 2.5 mg THC per day to a maximum dose of 210 mg THC per day.<sup><a id=\"fnb16-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb16\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>16</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb17-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb17\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>17</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb18-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb18\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>18</a></sup> Doses lower than 2.5 mg (e.g. 1 mg) THC may further avoid incidence and risks of adverse effects.</li>\n 	<li>Average dose of Marinol<sup>®</sup> is 20 mg THC per day.<sup><a id=\"fnb19-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb19\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>19</a></sup></li>\n 	<li>Maximal recommended daily oral dose of Marinol<sup>®</sup> is 40 mg per day.<sup><a id=\"fnb20-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb20\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>20</a></sup>, <sup><a id=\"fnb21-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb21\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>21</a></sup></li>\n 	<li>Preliminary information from an open-label clinical trial with Epidiolex<sup>®</sup> (an orally administered oil extract containing mainly cannabidiol (CBD) for treatment of certain types of childhood epilepsy not responsive to conventional treatment), suggests a daily dosing range between 5 and 20 mg/kg CBD.<sup><a id=\"fnb22-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb22\" target=\"_blank\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>22</a></sup> However, further clinical studies are required to substantiate this information.</li>\n</ul>\n</div>\n</div>\n</div>\n&nbsp;\n\n[spacer height=\"10px\"]The information above can be found on the <a href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php\" target=\"_blank\">Health Canada</a> website.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n</article></section></div>\n\n<hr />\n\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\n\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Dosing Amounts', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4653-autosave-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 14:57:01', '2017-05-18 14:57:01', '', 4653, 'http://swerve.fyi/4653-autosave-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(4663, 96, '2017-05-18 13:31:16', '2017-05-18 13:31:16', '', '230x230xwhat-kind-of-cannabis.png.pagespeed.ic.tbseSyZcPe', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'closed', '', '230x230xwhat-kind-of-cannabis-png-pagespeed-ic-tbsesyzcpe', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:31:16', '2017-05-18 13:31:16', '', 4653, 'http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xwhat-kind-of-cannabis.png.pagespeed.ic_.tbseSyZcPe.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(4664, 96, '2017-05-18 13:35:07', '2017-05-18 13:35:07', '[vc_row][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"10/12\"][vc_column_text][spacer height=\"-2px\"]\r\n<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4533\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/THCHeaderResources5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" />\r\n<p class=\"page-header\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">Dosing Amounts\r\n</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"region region-content\"><section id=\"block-system-main\" class=\"block block-system clearfix\"><article id=\"node-427\" class=\"node node-page clearfix\"><header></header>\r\n<div class=\"field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden\">\r\n<div class=\"field-items\">\r\n<div class=\"field-item even\">\r\n<h2><img class=\"size-full wp-image-4663 alignleft\" src=\"http://swerve.fyi/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/230x230xwhat-kind-of-cannabis.png.pagespeed.ic_.tbseSyZcPe.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"230\" height=\"230\" /></h2>\r\nInformation obtained from a limited number of small and short-term clinical studies of cannabis for medical purposes indicate the daily doses of smoked or vapourized dried cannabis ranged from as little as 75 mg of dried cannabis 9.4% THC by weight) (i.e. 7 mg THC/day) to a maximum of 3.2 grams of dried cannabis (1–8% THC by weight; i.e. 32 to 256 mg THC).<sup><a id=\"fnb7-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb7\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>7</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb8-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb8\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>8</a></sup>\r\n\r\nDoses of THC as low as 2.5–3 mg of THC (and even lower) are associated with a therapeutic benefit and minimal psychoactivity. <sup><a id=\"fnb9-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb9\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>9</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb10-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb10\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>10</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb11-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb11\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>11</a></sup>\r\n\r\nVarious surveys published in the peer-reviewed scientific and medical literature have suggested that the majority of people using smoked <strong>or</strong> orally ingested cannabis for medical purposes reported using between 10–20 grams of cannabis per week, or approximately 1–3 grams of dried cannabis per day. <sup><a id=\"fnb12-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb12\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>12</a></sup>\r\n\r\nOne study reported the average daily dose of dried cannabis (of various potencies) used by patients in the Netherlands’ Medical Cannabis program was 0.68 grams per day (range: 0.65 –0.82 grams per day).<sup><a id=\"fnb13-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb13\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>13</a></sup>\r\n\r\nAnother study suggests that regardless of route of administration (inhalation vs. oral), individuals reporting use of cannabis for medical purposes reported consuming equivalent amounts of cannabis per day and that amount averaged at around 3 grams per day. <sup><a id=\"fnb14-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb14\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>14</a></sup>\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>For smoking and vapourizing, the median reported dose was 1.5–2.0 grams per day respectively.</li>\r\n 	<li>For edibles, the median reported dose was 1.5 grams per day.</li>\r\n 	<li>For teas, the median reported dose was 1.5 grams per day.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nThere is no information available on dosing amounts for topically applied cannabis products (e.g. ointments, creams, lotions, oils, balms, salves), however one study suggests approximately 5% of individuals who use marijuana for medical purposes use such products.<sup><a id=\"fnb15-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb15\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>15</a></sup>\r\n\r\nThere is no information available on dosing amounts for fresh marijuana.\r\n\r\nIn the absence of any clinical studies conducted with cannabis products, such as oils that are ingested orally, the following information has been provided as a reference to give some potential guidance around dosing.\r\n\r\nFor products such as oils that are ingested orally\r\n<ul>\r\n 	<li>The available clinical evidence for Marinol<sup>®</sup>, an orally administered capsule that has received market authorization and that contains synthetic THC dissolved in sesame oil, indicates a dosing range from as low as 2.5 mg THC per day to a maximum dose of 210 mg THC per day.<sup><a id=\"fnb16-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb16\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>16</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb17-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb17\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>17</a></sup>,<sup><a id=\"fnb18-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb18\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>18</a></sup> Doses lower than 2.5 mg (e.g. 1 mg) THC may further avoid incidence and risks of adverse effects.</li>\r\n 	<li>Average dose of Marinol<sup>®</sup> is 20 mg THC per day.<sup><a id=\"fnb19-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb19\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>19</a></sup></li>\r\n 	<li>Maximal recommended daily oral dose of Marinol<sup>®</sup> is 40 mg per day.<sup><a id=\"fnb20-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb20\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>20</a></sup>, <sup><a id=\"fnb21-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb21\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>21</a></sup></li>\r\n 	<li>Preliminary information from an open-label clinical trial with Epidiolex<sup>®</sup> (an orally administered oil extract containing mainly cannabidiol (CBD) for treatment of certain types of childhood epilepsy not responsive to conventional treatment), suggests a daily dosing range between 5 and 20 mg/kg CBD.<sup><a id=\"fnb22-ref\" class=\"footnote-link\" href=\"http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/dhp-mps/marihuana/med/daily-quotidienne-eng.php#fnb22\"><span class=\"cn-invisible\">Footnote </span>22</a></sup> However, further clinical studies are required to substantiate this information.</li>\r\n 	<li></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</article></section></div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n* The material here is provided for educational and informational purposes only, and is not intended to be a substitute for a health care provider’s consultation. Please consult your own appropriate health care provider about the applicability of any opinions or recommendations with respect to your own symptoms or medical conditions. The information herein does not constitute health, legal or technical advice.\r\n\r\n[/vc_column_text][/vc_column][vc_column width=\"1/12\"][/vc_column][/vc_row]', 'Dosing Amounts', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '4653-revision-v1', '', '', '2017-05-18 13:35:07', '2017-05-18 13:35:07', '', 4653, 'http://swerve.fyi/4653-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
